Atomic force microscopy Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuclear power microscopy - Lab Report Example The material to be checked is put beneath the tip, as the tip moves over the surface it is pulled in or repulsed by various powers, the nuclear diversion from rest is recorded and an imaging programming is utilized to process the outcomes. The outcomes ordinarily shows up as a geological picture of the surface imaged2. Distinctive imaging strategies are utilized to picture the surface or for various surface examination, they incorporate the contact mode, non-contact mode and tapping mode. With help from specific programming, Atomic Force Microscope can be utilized to quantify attributes of material surface that different sorts of magnifying instrument can't picture. This strategy is whereby the tip gets into contact with the surface being filtered, it is the most widely recognized mode utilized in nuclear power checking. The tip have an appalling power coefficient of 9N. As the tip moves over the surface, the avoidance of the cantilever created is taken care of to a DC enhancer framework, which confirms it and attempts to much it with the ideal. In the event that the greatness of diversions is not quite the same as the necessary one, the input speaker framework builds the voltage gracefully to the piezoelectric situating framework to raise or lower the material surface comparative with the tip until the ideal voltage is achieved3. The proportion of voltage provided to the piezoelectric situating framework gives the level of harshness and surface highlights of the material. This is shown along the side to the situation of the example. The principle issue with the contact mode is the application unbalanced power to the example by the test driving pulverization of the example surface; this can be limited by diminishing the measure of power applied by the test. In any case, there are cutoff points to the base power that the administrator can apply during filtering in encompassing conditions. Encompassing conditions have a few difficulties to AFS since a slender layer of around 30 monolayers comprised of

Connection Between School Culture and Leadership Styles :: Leadership

There is an association between school culture and authority styles. The writing survey will likewise address the two essential classes of authority. As indicated by Cox (2001), there are two fundamental classes of administration which are value-based and transformational. The accompanying researchers (Barnett, McCormick and Conners, 2001) made the qualification among value-based and transformational initiative. James McGregor Burns’ (1998) presents Burns the contrast between standard (value-based) and unprecedented (transformational) pioneers. As per James McGregor Burns’ (1998) value-based pioneers traded unmistakable compensations for the work and unwaveringness of adherents, and (transformational) pioneers are the ones who connected with supporters. Furthermore, the concentrated on higher request inherent needs, and raised awareness about the centrality of explicit results. (Bernard Bass, 2003) presents the origination of value-based and transformational initiative. He expresses that they are isolated ideas and that great chiefs show attributes of both. Bass (1990b, p. 21) expresses that Transformational initiative encourages limit improvement and brings more significant levels of individual duty among devotees. In any case, transformational authority happens when pioneers expand and lift the interests of their representatives. (Kelly, 2003; Yukl, 1989) declares that Transformational pioneers raise individuals from low degrees of need. Transformational pioneers are said to make trust, adoration, faithfulness and regard among their adherents (Barbuto, 2005, p. 28). (Rice, 1993) confirms that Transformational initiative is additionally founded on self-intelligent changing of qualities and convictions by the pioneer and their devotees. From this rises a key attribute of transformational initiative. As per Gronn (1996) the writing in instructive initiative offers no single origination of the procedures that establish transformational administration. Gronn (1996) makes accentuation on the cozy connection among alluring and transformational administration. He bring up the nonappearance of thoughts of charm in some work transformational administration. (Leithwood and Jantzi, 2000) present the four fundamental factors that make up transformational authority though. They present the four primary variables which are: 1.) Idealized impact, 2.) Inspirational inspiration, 3.) Intellectual incitement, 4.) Individualized thought. The Additive Effect of Transformational Leadership bolsters these four principle factors Hall, Johnson, Wysocki and Kepner (2002, p. 2). It will imperative to assess the four principle factors and the impact they can have when managing the subject of conversation which is the job of the chief in molding school culture.

A Rapidly Growing Field of Science Free Essays

Nanotechnology is a quickly developing field of science, which is especially intriguing for scientists since the mid 90s of the only remaining century has become an imperative piece of the cutting edge innovation. Nanomaterials are progressively turning into a piece of our ordinary lives (Hill and Julang, 2017). They are described by new qualities that contrast from those current at the full scale materials. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Rapidly Growing Field of Science or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now In this way, nanomaterials are utilized in inventive items and procedures (Fariq et al., 2017). As of late, utilization of nanomaterial widely expanded, in light of levels of popularity for the creation of such materials. Traditionally, the nanoparticles are created by synthetic and physical techniques (Stark et al., 2015), as these strategies are exorbitant, harmful and non-eco-accommodating, researchers are anticipating orchestrating ease, non-poisonous, eco-accommodating nanoparticles (Singh et al., 2016; Sangeetha et al., 2017). Biogenic union of nanoparticles utilizing living beings, for example, microorganisms, organism and plants rose as a reasonable option in contrast to the more unpredictable physical and compound manufactured strategies (Singh et al., 2016). Growths have a few focal points over different microorganisms since they are anything but difficult to deal with, their healthful memorials are basic, have a high divider restricting limit, just as their capacities for the intracellular metal take-up (Bhattacharjee et al., 2017). Silver nanoparticles are among the most broadly utilized metals, and are utilized as antimicrobial operators, water treatment, material enterprises, sunscreen moisturizers †¦etc. (Raja et al., 2012). We accept that every sort of growths could have its own apparatus to lessen the metals through a creation of a gathering of catalysts. In this way, the combined nanoparticle by every sort of growths could show a particular trademark including unmistakable shape and size that makes them powerful in numerous applications, particularly as antimicrobial operators. In this way, the principle point of the current examination relies upon the wide review of numerous contagious species that were disconnected from Saudi living spaces to explore their possibility to combine the silver-nanoparticles. The physical qualities of the recently delivered nanoparticles will be examined utilizing precise and fine procedures including the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) and the progress electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial movement of the portrayed silver nanoparticles will be concentrated against some therapeutically significant microscopic organisms, particularly that are including in human sicknesses, for example, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The normal aftereffects of this exploration are the getting of new contagious species that can deliver new AgNPs with the particular trademark that could be utilized and another anti-infection or antibacterial specialists to control the bacterial contaminations particularly those have a protection from the traditional compound anti-microbials The most effective method to refer to A Rapidly Growing Field of Science, Papers

The Lost Tools of Learning Free Essays

Reaction to The Lost Tools of Learning Sayers accepted the fundamental issue with present day training is that kids aren’t being educated to think. She accepted that state funded instruction doesn't show understudies how to comprehend connections between subjects, nor does the open framework show understudies how to understand the data they learned. She was disappointed that grown-ups can't appropriately discuss an inquiry, compose a clear article in the paper or think for themselves with regards to assessing publicity or promoting. We will compose a custom paper test on The Lost Tools of Learning or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Sayers was dampened that understudies are picking up everything aside from the craft of learning itself. Her contention against our present training framework helps me to remember the truism, â€Å"Give a man a fish and he eats for a day. Show a man to fish and he eats forever. † Instead of simply showing subjects we ought to show thinking, contending and how to communicate ends. On the off chance that we show understudies with an alternate methodology which centers around the craft of how to discover some new information and how to cause associations among the subjects we to learn, at that point we will be instructed on a more profound level †having information, yet understanding and knowledge also. The Trivium is Sayers answer to our issues with the present training framework. The Trivium comprise of three sections: Grammar, Dialectic and Rhetoric. These are not subjects concentrated separately, however strategies for examining subjects. Punctuation is the initial segment which includes learning the language and structure of a subject. In particular, Sayers accepted the Grammar stage ought to remember perception and retention of key ideas for Latin, Literature, History, Geography, Science and Math. For instance, the sentence structure of History ought to incorporate dates, occasions, accounts and characters. Argument, or Logic is the following stage where an understudy figures out how to utilize this language through investigation of the subjects. In this stage an understudy takes the information from the punctuation stage and starts to fabricate a more profound comprehension by thinking and breaking down what he’s realized. Talk is the third stage which includes having the option to investigate the subject †to talk and compose astutely and guard feelings and thoughts regarding a specific point or subject. In this stage understudies will put the things retained from the Grammar stage into new setting and the ideas they investigated in the Dialectic stage will be integrated with new knowledge and viewpoint. An understudy in the Rhetoric stage will have the option to express his contemplations and assessments of an idea. Through the Trivium understudies can adapt freely, break down coherently, think fundamentally and convey obviously. Each stage is a structure obstruct towards a more profound degree of comprehension. Incorporation of subjects is a key distinction between old style training and guidance from the government funded instruction framework. In the government funded training framework, understudies are shown subjects in confinement. As they get more seasoned they are urged to represent considerable authority in one subject. By learning through the phases of the Trivium, understudies can comprehend that subjects aren’t separated, yet that everything is interrelated. As they progress through the phases of the Trivium, they figure out how to make associations among subjects and put things they have learned into setting together. Coordination of subjects likewise makes new learning simpler. Understudies who have figured out how to learn can without much of a stretch ace another subject. The most effective method to refer to The Lost Tools of Learning, Essay models

Timeline of Josephine Bakers Career

Timetable of Josephine Baker's Career Josephine Baker is best associated with moving topless and wearing a banana skirt. Baker’s prevalence rose during the 1920s for moving in Paris. Until her demise in 1975, Baker was given to battling against bad form and prejudice all through the world. Josephine Baker was conceived Freda Josephine McDonald on June 3, 1906. Her mom, Carrie McDonald, was a washerwoman and her dad, Eddie Carson was a vaudeville drummer. The family lived in St. Louis before Carson left to seek after his fantasies as an entertainer. By the age of eight, Baker was filling in as a local for rich white families. At 13 years old, she fled and filled in as a server. Course of events of Baker’s Work as a Performer 1919: Baker starts visiting with the Jones Family Band just as the Dixie Steppers. Bread cook performed comedic plays and moved. 1923: Baker handles a job in the Broadway melodic Shuffle Along. Proceeding as an individual from the tune, Baker included her comedic persona, making her well known with crowds. Bread cook additionally moves to New York City. She is before long acting in Chocolate Dandies. She additionally performs with Ethel Waters at the Plantation Club. 1925 to 1930: Baker goes to Paris and acts in La Revue Nã ¨greâ at the Th㠩ã ¢tre des Champs-Elysã ©es. French crowds were intrigued with Baker’s execution particularly Danse Sauvage, in which she wore just a plume skirt. 1926: Baker’s vocation hits its pinnacle. Performing at Folies Bergã ¨re music lobby, in a set called La Folie of the day, Baker moved topless, wearing a skirt made of bananas. The show was effective and Baker got one of the most well known and most generously compensated entertainers in Europe. Authors and craftsmen, for example, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, and E. E. Cummings were fans. Bread cook additionally was nicknamed â€Å"Black Venus† and â€Å"Black Pearl.† 1930s: Baker starts singing and recording proficient. She additionally plays the lead in a few movies including Zou-Zou and Princesse Tam-Tam. 1936: Baker came back to the United States and performed. She was met with antagonistic vibe and prejudice by crowds. She came back to France and looked for citizenship. 1973: Baker performs at Carnegie Hall and gets solid audits from pundits. The show checked Baker’s rebound as a performer.â In April 1975, Baker performed at Bobino Theater in Paris. The exhibition was a festival of the 50th Anniversary of her introduction in Paris. Superstars, for example, Sophia Loren and Princess Grace of Monaco were in participation. The French Resistance 1936: Baker works for the Red Cross during the French Occupation. She engaged soldiers in Africa and the Middle East. During this time, she pirated messages for the French Resistance. At the point when World War II finished, Baker earned the Croix de Guerre and the Legion of Honor, France’s most elevated military distinctions. Social equality Activism During the 1950s, Baker came back to the United States and upheld the Civil Rights Movement. Specifically, Baker partook in different exhibitions. She boycotted isolated clubs and show scenes, contending that if African-Americans couldn't go to her shows, she would not perform. In 1963, Baker took an interest in the March on Washington. For her endeavors as a social equality dissident, the NAACP named May twentieth â€Å"Josephine Baker Day.† Cooks Death On April 12, 1975, Baker passed on of a cerebral discharge. At her memorial service, in excess of 20,000 individuals went to the avenues in Paris to partake in the parade. The French Government regarded her with a 21-weapon salute. With this respect, Baker turned into the main American lady to be covered in France with military distinctions.

Really, I dont feel like thinking of a title right now

Really, I don’t feel like thinking of a title right now As much as I hate Twitter, I think Im going to follow the trend of micro-blogging that has apparently hit MIT Admissions this week. See, Im hosed beyond all imagining, but as its basically my LAST WEEK AT MIT (?#@^*!!!), all kinds of awesome and interesting things are going on which will not be nearly as cool when blogged about after the fact. (By the way, I probably have a dozen blog entries that Ive planned and never written, and about 3 weeks between the time Im done with work and officially graduate and should probably stop blogging sobe prepared for that.) So, Ill sell my soul a little and turn this entry into a what is basically a Twitter feed. I hope you appreciate the enormity of this sacrifice of dignity. I do it all for you, dear readers. So, entry number 1! Friday May 1, 2009. 11:37 PM I just created the following page according to these strict guidelines: Yikes! This is crazy! (See any typos? Please, tell me! =P) Saturday, May 2. 12:02 PM Im in D-Lab right now (it occurs to me that I should post some pictures of this place later) and just ran into Jodie 09. Jodie and I go way back- we were almost temporary roommates. We found each other online and chatted a little before getting to MIT. By the time we actually got to campus, my rooming assignment had been switched (I was in a single, which actually really sucked for Orientation), so we never even ended up rooming together. When I got to campus I stopped by her room to say hi so we could finally meet in real life. We havent even really hung out after that, but we sort of smile and wave when we see each other. Anyway, Jodie is running around D-Lab stressing about her thesis, which is basically exactly what Im doing, so we shared our misery for a few minutes. I cant help but think back to the first and only other real conversation we had- our first day on campus, trying to figure out where the laundry room in the dorm was. Crazy how things come full circle, isnt it? Thursday, May 7. 7:52 PM Hey look, its me, on Youtube!!! Sunday, May 7. 5:38 PM I cant believe the end is so closeIm sitting in LMP (Lab for Manufacturing and Productivity) right now, trying to finish this thesis. Basically its a MechE computer lab that has been functioning as Thesis HQ for the last few days. Adelaide and I have been here for hours and hours, maybe days, maybe weeks, I dont even know anymore. There have been quite a few other people hanging out too, and we all immediately knew that we were all there for the same reason. I mean, if you didnt have a thesis to do in order to graduate, would you be in LMP at 3 AM on Sunday morning? Adelaide is really cute when shes sleep-deprived and thesising (now a verb). (The thing shes holding is the second prototype of the Braille Label Maker, her 2.009-turned-thesis project which has been owning at life lately and winning tons of awardsmore about that when I can give it the attention it deserves) Weve been bonding with the other Course 2 seniors, sharing junk food and caffeine, and repeating our new mottos: D is for diploma. Mystery Hunt Fun = Thesis I didnt pay for it, its not my explosion. (Yeah, I dont know where that one came from either, were all a little sleep-deprived over here) But Im making good progress here! I just made the following prettyful diagram: On to the editing Monday, May 11. 5:33 PM My thesis is done. Its printed on fancy special paper and turned into the undergraduate office. I had about 3 seconds to enjoy the relief from that moment before I headed over to the Rotch library to meet with a partner to finish writing a final report thats due tomorrow. I have barely slept, my brain is completely liquid, I havent had a real meal in days (I pretty much made a dinner out of Sun Chips and pineapple soda the other night), I feel like absolute crap, and this is absolutely the last thing Id like to be doing right now. Im actually pretty miserable at the moment. Even down to the bitter end, MIT enjoys beating you down and destroying your soul. Right now, IHTFP is feeling pretty one-sided

Islamic banking in the world - Free Essay Example

Executive summary: Islamic banking is a worldwide phenomenon involving a variety of institutions and Instruments offering Sharia base modes of finance, during the last few decades getting progress and facing challenges. Now most commonly there are three Islamic finance school of thoughts applying into the Islamic world they are Pakistani, Gulf and Malaysian school of thoughts. Islamic finance have a big market but there are some challenges both in secondary and primary market most commonly risk management and liquidity of funds is a big issue but in the Pakistan Islamic banks getting groom over the period of time by introducing unique Islamic mode of finance instruments. The graphical presentation of the different mode of Islamic finance and process. Moreover, all the Islamic Institutes monitor by the State Bank of Pakistan regulatory authority and working over the guidelines for risk management and refining their performance and play a vital role for the growth of country economy. Comparison of existing Islamic institutes and their performance over the period of time and how the banks deals with the overdue amount and how they manage these funds and putting them into the charitable work. Introduction: This report covers the issues of Islamic Banking and how State Bank of Pakistan regulates it according to the Sharia Compliance and enforces the Islamic banking institutions guidelines and principals for risk management. Pakistan holding world second largest Muslim population and having the lot of attraction for the investor dealing in Islamic base business and the report cover the performance of the Islamic institutions as compare with the conventional financial institutions. Moreover, Islamic banks market share their yearly bases performance and growth as compare with the previous years and during the last ten years performance of different banks operating Islamic services in Pakistan and their growth comparison that shows Mezzan Islamic bank performance and how they offer their sharia base service like Ijarah, Mudarbah, Musharkah, Murabaha and Sukuk and their graphical presentation of bank and client process that helpful to understand that how Islamic mode of finance work according to the sharia compliance. In year 2010 the total conventional banking deposits was $78bn and the projected growth rate was 13% p.a. while the share of Islamic banking deposit in Pakistan financial market was $12bn and projected growth rate was 81% p.a. with 440 Islamic operational branches. Need For Islamic Banking: Recent study published in United States stated that the growth rate of world Muslim population is higher than the world non Muslim population and it is believed and projected that it will be the quarter of the world population near 2030. Pakistan, which has seen a rise in radical Islam in current months, will chase Indonesia as the worlds most populous Muslim nation. Majority of the people seeking to invest into the Hala mode of financing and people fad up with the traditional financial system where institutions based on interest. Moreover, Islamic financial system based on the principal of Sharia, which mean they believe and follow the Islamic school of thoughts prohibition on the payment and recipient of interest this is the basic reason that make difference between the Islamic financial institutions and their Western counterparts. Government Regularity: Pakistan was among the three countries in the world that had been trying to implement interest free banking at national level. Islamic Banking is one of the rising field in global financial market and having the potential all around the world. The Islamic Banking is one of the rising field in global financial market and first full flag Islamic Banking Department was established under the supervision of State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) in 2003 and having task to promote or established financial help according to the Sharia Complaint. SBPs Islamic banking polices allow the people to establish their financial relationship with Islamic banks according with their Islamic beliefs. SBP feels the responsibility for the promotion of Islamic Banking and they work on three strategies. Allow the conventional banks to establish their Islamic banking branches throughout the country. Support the private sector to establish Islamic banks. Enforce the existing conventional banks to open stand alone Islamic banking branches. Before commencement of business a reputed sharia advisor has to be appointed according to the given SBP policy. Banks ensure all their document services authorised by their sharia advisors. Banks are required to undertake comprehensive internal audit at least once in a year. Islamic and commercial banks both shell have a separate schedule of charges authorised by their sharia advisors. Risk Management: SBP enforce the Islamic Banking Institutions to follow the guiding principles of risk management established by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) that helpful to minimize the financial risk and these principals are applied over the six categories of risk they are. Market Risk Credit Risk Operational Risk Liquidity Risk Rate of Return Risk Equity Investment Risk Sharia Compliance Framework: Shariah compliance is the most important feature of Islamic finance. SBP established a comprehensive sharia compliance structure for the credibility of the Islamic Banking Institutions and the structure consists of. Sharia Board at SBP Sharia Advisor Forum Sharia Advisor Model agreement of Islamic mode of financing Guidelines for sharia compliance in IBIs Sharia compliance inspection Industry Progress and Market share: Islamic banks in Pakistan producing amazing results during the time when conventional financial system fully griped even all around the world and having more financial tools than Islamic sector. Under the current policy first Islamic banking licence was granted on in year, 2002. In year 2010 the total conventional banking deposits was $78bn and the projected growth rate was 13% p.a. while the share of Islamic banking deposit in Pakistan financial market was $12bn and projected growth rate was 81% p.a. with 440 Islamic operational branches. It is also important to compare the Pakistani Islamic financial sector with the progress in other countries. Malaysia first Islamic bank was established in 1983 and till 2007 its stand on 13%, Bahrain Islamic Bank stands on 8% during 30 years and Indonesia Islamic banks started their service science 1990s and still it has progress around 1.67% all the above figures shows that the performance of Islamic banking sector in Pakistan comparatively better or satisfactory than other global countries especially east Asian countries. Banking and Finance Shariah Mode of Finance: Islamic finance sector in Pakistan offer a wide range of shariah base service to the investors. Following are the shariah complaint modes of banking and finance. Trading Mode Participatory Modes Debt Based Mode Other Modes zIjarah or Ijarah wa Iqtina Mudaraba Qard Wakalah Murabaha Musharka Assignment of Debt Musawamah Diminishing Musharka Kafalah Salam Equity participation in the form of shares in a corporate entity Istisna Tawarruq Charity Fund: SBP, policy for the income generated by the non-Sharia based resources or the income incurred by the bases of any penalties either its a late payment charges received by the client in default or overdue cases etc are transfer to the charity fund that income utilize for the charitable or social welfare purposes. Banks Offer Services: Following are the year wise entry of Islamic banks in Pakistan economy. Market Share 2003-2007: To analyse the market share its important to check both sides of the balance sheet to discourage the unethical information plays by the account managers and some time auditors play role to help them just for generating accounting profit and get good response from the market. SBP, keep focusing over the accounting performances on both Islamic and Conventional services sector and finally announced yearly bases comparison of the both sectors for encourage the investors. The table below shows the market share performance comparison from 2003-2007. Branch Network Growth: In the Pakistan economy Islamic banking sector performing amazingly and by offering riba free services Islamic banks in overall branch network of the industry has increased over period of time and getting higher pace. All are the major banks in Pakistan now offering Islamic bank services. By 30th June 2008 total asset of Islamic banking industry in Pakistan was over Rs. 225 bn which was the 4.5% of the total banking industry assets. In the four provinces of Pakistan and AJK, more than 330 branches offering Islamic service. SBP, enforce all the conventional and non conventional to open their Islamic branches in all major cities and towns covering all the four provinces of the country and AJK. The table below shows growth in the branches network of Islamic banking industry science 2003-2007. Bank wise Share and Total Assets: Islamic banking system consider the alternative of the existing conventional system and the percentage value of Islamic banking assets growth in Pakistan gradually getting pace during the years 2003-2007 that was 85.2%, 241.8%, 62%, 66.9% and 72.6% respectively. Both IBs Islamic Banks and IBDs Islamic Banking Divisions enjoying growth, but rapid growth seems from year 2004 due to the large network of full fledged Islamic banks over more than 50 cities with the support of conventional bank IBs. The table below shows the assets of Islamic banking industry in Pakistan during the year 2003-2007. The bank wise share of Islamic banking industry Assets is as on 31st December, 2007. It is interesting and noticeable the highest growth that is 32.62% gaining by the fully fledge Pakistan most leading Islamic bank Mezzna Bank Limited (MBL) while the three big commercial bank have not showing the sign of market share they are UBL, NBP and HBL that predict the confidence of people over Islamic banks in Pakistan. Deposit and Bank wise share: Deposits are the key of success for any financial institutes mainly it is important for Islamic banking that target different people from different background during the time when conventional banking having the large share of market but the performance during the years 2003-2007 predict the scope of Islamic banking and its success against the conventional system. Islamic banking divisions and Islamic banks gaining remarkable growth in deposits during the years 2003-2007 that is 65.3%, 259.5%, 65.4%, 67.7% 76.0% respectively. Moreover, rapid progress shown in year 2004 because aggressive banking start from Bank Alfalah Limited and the new entry of Al Barqa bank and after the couple of year Dubai Islamic bank, Emirates Global bank, Bank Islami and Duawood Islamic bank start their full fledge business and contribute to lead the deposit position up to mark during the year 2006 and 2007. Bank share deposits performance during the year 2003-2007 is as under. Financing and Banks Share: Liquidity management play a vital role for the existence of any financial institute. SBP provides a complete range of instructions to all Islamic banks to keep follow them for getting the good results from the market not only provide the policy also provide the a complete sharia compliance cell and sharia advisors for risk management. During the period from 2002-2007 Islamic banks financial performance was amazing that was 97.8% while the respective year growth was 135.1%, 218.4%, 66.4%, 43.4% 63.5%. figures show that Meezan bank capturing almost one third of financing while Bank Alfalh again leads the category of conventional banks having Islamic banking branches with the addition of BankIslami, Emirates Global, Dubai Islamic and Dawood Islamic yearly financing growth rate getting good pace every year. Composition of different mode of Islamic financing that shows saving deposit initially grew at high pace but latterly fixed deposit performance relatively better growing rate. By offering the credible shariah compliance, help to develop the interest of the customers. For the Islamic Banking Institutions ideal modes of financing belong to the low risk share category i.e. those which usually generate a fixed return. Among these Murabaha (cost plus mutually agreed profit margin). Ijara (leasing) are the most attractive and popular modes of financing. However, lately the share of Diminishing Musharaka has also grown at a rapid pace leading towards diversification of the Islamic banks financing portfolio Islamic Mode of Financing: Ijarah: Ijarah is a term of Islamic Fiqh Literally, it means To give something on rent The term Ijarah is used in two situations: It means To employ the services of a person on wages e.g. A hires a porter at the airport to carry his luggage Another type of Ijarah relates to paying rent for use of an asset or property defined as LAND in Islamic Economics Ijarah is an Islamic alternative of Leasing. Leasing backed by an acceptable contract is an acceptable transaction under Shariah. The question of whether or not the transaction of leasing is Shariah compliant depends on the terms and conditions of the contract. Several characteristics of conventional agreements may not conform to Shariah thus making the transaction un-Islamic and thereby invoking a prohibition. Risk and rewards of ownership lies with the owner i.e. any loss to the asset beyond the control of the lessee should be borne by the Lessor. Late payment penalty cannot be charged to the income of the Lessor. Lease and Sale agreement should be separate and non contingent. Bank Ijarah Process: The customer approaches the Bank with the request for financing and enters into a promise to lease agreement. The Bank purchases the item required for leasing and receives title of ownership from the vendor The Bank makes payment to the vendor The Bank leases the asset to the customer after execution of lease agreement. The customer makes periodic rental payments as per the contract At the end of the tenure customer can purchase the asset from the bank with the help of separate Sale agreement. In case of sale, title of property is transferred to Buyer In case of Ijarah, title remain with the Lessor Only the use of the property is transferred to Lessee Murabaha financing: Murabaha is a particular kind of sale and not a financing in its origin. Where the transaction is done on a cost plus profit basis i.e. the seller discloses the cost to the buyer and adds a certain profit to it to arrive at the final selling price. The seller discloses the cost to the buyer and a known profit is added. Payment of Murabaha price may be: At spot In installments. In lump sum after a certain time Some basic rules should be the part of Murabaha base financing, they are Sale price should be determined. Asset to be sold must exist. Sale must be unconditional. Assets to be sold: Should not be used for un-Islamic purpose. Should be in ownership of the seller at the time of sale, physical Step by Step Murabaha Process: Following are the steps that a bank takes during offering Murabah base services. The client and the bank sign an overall agreement whereby the institution promises to sell and the client promises to buy the commodity from time to time on an agreed ratio of profit added to the cost. This agreement may specify the limit up-to which the facility may be availed. An agency agreement is signed by both parties in which the institution appoints the client as his agent for purchasing the commodity on its behalf. The client purchases the commodity on behalf of the institution and takes possession as the agent of the institution. The client informs the institution that it has purchased the commodity and simultaneously makes an offer to purchase it from the institution. The institution accepts the offer and the sale are concluded whereby ownership as well as risk is transferred to the client. Diminishing Musharakah: Musharkah is the form of Shirakat partnership and following are the types of Musharkah. Shirkat-ul-Milk: Joint ownership of two or more persons in a particular property Shirkat-ul-Aqd: A partnership affected by mutual contract. It can also be translated as a joint commercial enterprise In Diminishing Musharkah the financier and the client have a joint ownership of equipment, property or a commercial enterprise. The share of the financier will be divided into a number of units The client will purchase these units one by one periodically until he is the sole owner of the property Bank and Diminishing Musharkah Process: These are the components that a Bank perform during Diminishing Musharkah contract or agreement. Joint ownership of the Bank and customer Customer as a lessee uses the share of the bank Redemption of the share of the Bank by the customer Istisna: Istisnaa is the second exception to the rules of sale where a sale is allowed without immediate delivery of the goods sold. Istisnaa is a contract of sale of specified items to be manufactured, with an requirement on the part of the manufacturer to deliver them to the Customer upon completion. It is not permissible that the entity of an Istisnaa contract be a tangible existing and identified capital asset. An Istisnaa contract is permitted only for raw materials that can be transformed from their natural state by a manufacturing or construction process involving labor. The time of delivery of goods does not necessarily have to be fixed in Istisnaa however, a maximum time may be agreed upon between the parties. The Istisnaa price can either be paid in advance, or in installments or at the time of delivery of goods. The price of Istisnaa transactions may vary in accordance with variations in the delivery date. Sukuk: For the liquidity management offered sukuk into the Islamic finance money market which is basically the certificate of equal value representing proportionate ownership of tangible assets. This ownership comes in effect after the completion of payment and with the investment of received funds. Sukuk representing equity share in a particular business or investment portfolio (based on Musharakah/ Mudarabah). Sukuk representing receivable or future goods (based on Murabaha or Salam or Istisna). Salam and Murabah base Sukuk are the non tradeable while tradable Sukuk are tangible assets or proportionate ownership of a business or investment portfolio are tradable for instance Ijarah or Musharkah/ Mudarbah base Sukuk. Moreover, Sukuk use for the liquidity need but still it has some objection or restriction during offering into the market. Sukuk holders have the complete ownership rights. Manager cannot lend money when the actual profit is less than the expected. Before offering the sukuk into the market must abide by the Sharia supervisory board. Sukuk should be issue over the new industrial and commercial venture.