Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assignment - Essay Example Today they give much emphasis on infrastructural changes which can reduce the impacts of those unforeseen contingencies. Many of the ultra modern inventions add to the ongoing environmental issues this way or that. This paper will critically analyse the problems associated with developmental activities and possible remedies that civil engineers can adopt in order for meeting those challenges. Challenges for civil engineers The supersonic growth of modern world necessitates various types of productive activities which would ultimately cause environmental issues. It is not possible to stop constructional activities in order to safeguard the environment. Hence, the civil engineers face extreme challenges with regard to developing protective infrastructure models. In contrast, the rampant growth of construction industry weakens the effectiveness of infrastructural developments. The following parts would introduce some of the recent environmental issues and possible solutions to address t hem. A. Global warming Global warming refers to the phenomenon of increase in the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, which will result in the increase in volume of water and a consequent rise in the sea-level. The earth absorbs most of the thermal radiations like infrared radiation from the sun and reflects back the remaining part to the atmosphere. These reflected heats are trapped by the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and ozone; and this process causes the rise in atmospheric temperature. This green house effect due to the existence of green houses gases is the main cause of global warming. Majority scientists are of the opinion that human activities amplify the emission of greenhouse gases and hence global warming. For instance, when refrigerator functions, it releases a harmful compound called chlorofluorocarbon which causes the depletion of ozone layer and contributes to global warming. Similarly, most of the production and constructio n processes emit toxic gases that also deepen the problem. Although there are number of green house gases in the atmosphere, among them carbon dioxide, which is mainly produced as a result of increase in fossil fuel burning vehicles plays major role. The warmer air boosts the water evaporation which produces excessive water vapour in the atmosphere and subsequently the same cycle process repeats. The climate change is the most disastrous outcome of global warming and related environmental difficulties including diminution in agricultural yields. It is too practicable to cut the use of refrigerator or vehicles in order to minimise the CO2 emission; the only way is to develop improved technology which would impede the problem in future. The invention of non fossil fuels such as solar energy and nuclear energy may help to answer the issue of global warming because they normally do not cause carbon emission. Civil engineers can do a lot in addressing the impacts of global warming which in turn will minimise the climate changes. As suggested in Minority report on global warming and the role of civil engineering, engineers should try to develop infrastructural frame works with the minimum usage of ‘concrete foundations, kiln-fired brick and concrete walling blocks, steel or concrete frames, ground-bearing floor slabs, glass, aluminium and steel profile sheeting’

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT A5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT A5 - Essay Example verse, of representing the other currency by the dollar representation, here is what we get: one pound is equivalent to 1.474 dollars; one yen is equivalent to 0.010314 dollars; and one euro is equivalent to 1.2596 dollars. Looking at the British pound, we can see the conversion in terms of the other currencies. One British pound is equivalent to 142.92 yen; equivalent to 1.1702 euro and 1.474 dollar. Putting it in reverse, we represent the other currency in terms of the British pound equivalent. In this, we get 0.6784 British pound for one dollar, 0.006997 British pound for one yen, and 0.855 British pound for one euro. The Japanese Yen’s equivalent is given in the table as well. We can see how much one yen is equivalent to the other currencies. One yen is equivalent to 0.008188 euro, 0.010314 dollars, and 0.006997 British pounds. If we put it in reverse, we can represent as to how many yen each currency has for its equivalent in yen. Using the table, we get 96.96 yen for every dollar, 142.92 yen for one British pound, and 122.31 yen for one Euro. Lastly, we could represent the Euro by the other currencies. Here we see that one Euro is equivalent to 1.2596 dollars, 0.855 British pound, and 122.131 Japanese yen. If we put it in reverse, we can represent one currency by the amount of Euro. For every dollar, 0.7339 euro is the equivalent; for every British pound, 1.1702 is the equivalent; and for one Japanese yen, 0.008188 euro is the equivalent. Looking at a 91-day period we can first see the trend for the Japanese yen. As for the yen, for every day that has passed, the equivalent of yen to a dollar increases. When this happen, we say that yen loses its value to the dollar and the yen depreciates—more yen are needed to buy one dollar. As yen depreciates, the other currency appreciates—therefore, relative to yen, the trend for the dollar is upward and appreciating. The British pounds, Canadian dollar and European euro show relatively similar trends among