Atomic force microscopy Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuclear power microscopy - Lab Report Example The material to be checked is put beneath the tip, as the tip moves over the surface it is pulled in or repulsed by various powers, the nuclear diversion from rest is recorded and an imaging programming is utilized to process the outcomes. The outcomes ordinarily shows up as a geological picture of the surface imaged2. Distinctive imaging strategies are utilized to picture the surface or for various surface examination, they incorporate the contact mode, non-contact mode and tapping mode. With help from specific programming, Atomic Force Microscope can be utilized to quantify attributes of material surface that different sorts of magnifying instrument can't picture. This strategy is whereby the tip gets into contact with the surface being filtered, it is the most widely recognized mode utilized in nuclear power checking. The tip have an appalling power coefficient of 9N. As the tip moves over the surface, the avoidance of the cantilever created is taken care of to a DC enhancer framework, which confirms it and attempts to much it with the ideal. In the event that the greatness of diversions is not quite the same as the necessary one, the input speaker framework builds the voltage gracefully to the piezoelectric situating framework to raise or lower the material surface comparative with the tip until the ideal voltage is achieved3. The proportion of voltage provided to the piezoelectric situating framework gives the level of harshness and surface highlights of the material. This is shown along the side to the situation of the example. The principle issue with the contact mode is the application unbalanced power to the example by the test driving pulverization of the example surface; this can be limited by diminishing the measure of power applied by the test. In any case, there are cutoff points to the base power that the administrator can apply during filtering in encompassing conditions. Encompassing conditions have a few difficulties to AFS since a slender layer of around 30 monolayers comprised of

Connection Between School Culture and Leadership Styles :: Leadership

There is an association between school culture and authority styles. The writing survey will likewise address the two essential classes of authority. As indicated by Cox (2001), there are two fundamental classes of administration which are value-based and transformational. The accompanying researchers (Barnett, McCormick and Conners, 2001) made the qualification among value-based and transformational initiative. James McGregor Burns’ (1998) presents Burns the contrast between standard (value-based) and unprecedented (transformational) pioneers. As per James McGregor Burns’ (1998) value-based pioneers traded unmistakable compensations for the work and unwaveringness of adherents, and (transformational) pioneers are the ones who connected with supporters. Furthermore, the concentrated on higher request inherent needs, and raised awareness about the centrality of explicit results. (Bernard Bass, 2003) presents the origination of value-based and transformational initiative. He expresses that they are isolated ideas and that great chiefs show attributes of both. Bass (1990b, p. 21) expresses that Transformational initiative encourages limit improvement and brings more significant levels of individual duty among devotees. In any case, transformational authority happens when pioneers expand and lift the interests of their representatives. (Kelly, 2003; Yukl, 1989) declares that Transformational pioneers raise individuals from low degrees of need. Transformational pioneers are said to make trust, adoration, faithfulness and regard among their adherents (Barbuto, 2005, p. 28). (Rice, 1993) confirms that Transformational initiative is additionally founded on self-intelligent changing of qualities and convictions by the pioneer and their devotees. From this rises a key attribute of transformational initiative. As per Gronn (1996) the writing in instructive initiative offers no single origination of the procedures that establish transformational administration. Gronn (1996) makes accentuation on the cozy connection among alluring and transformational administration. He bring up the nonappearance of thoughts of charm in some work transformational administration. (Leithwood and Jantzi, 2000) present the four fundamental factors that make up transformational authority though. They present the four primary variables which are: 1.) Idealized impact, 2.) Inspirational inspiration, 3.) Intellectual incitement, 4.) Individualized thought. The Additive Effect of Transformational Leadership bolsters these four principle factors Hall, Johnson, Wysocki and Kepner (2002, p. 2). It will imperative to assess the four principle factors and the impact they can have when managing the subject of conversation which is the job of the chief in molding school culture.

A Rapidly Growing Field of Science Free Essays

Nanotechnology is a quickly developing field of science, which is especially intriguing for scientists since the mid 90s of the only remaining century has become an imperative piece of the cutting edge innovation. Nanomaterials are progressively turning into a piece of our ordinary lives (Hill and Julang, 2017). They are described by new qualities that contrast from those current at the full scale materials. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Rapidly Growing Field of Science or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now In this way, nanomaterials are utilized in inventive items and procedures (Fariq et al., 2017). As of late, utilization of nanomaterial widely expanded, in light of levels of popularity for the creation of such materials. Traditionally, the nanoparticles are created by synthetic and physical techniques (Stark et al., 2015), as these strategies are exorbitant, harmful and non-eco-accommodating, researchers are anticipating orchestrating ease, non-poisonous, eco-accommodating nanoparticles (Singh et al., 2016; Sangeetha et al., 2017). Biogenic union of nanoparticles utilizing living beings, for example, microorganisms, organism and plants rose as a reasonable option in contrast to the more unpredictable physical and compound manufactured strategies (Singh et al., 2016). Growths have a few focal points over different microorganisms since they are anything but difficult to deal with, their healthful memorials are basic, have a high divider restricting limit, just as their capacities for the intracellular metal take-up (Bhattacharjee et al., 2017). Silver nanoparticles are among the most broadly utilized metals, and are utilized as antimicrobial operators, water treatment, material enterprises, sunscreen moisturizers †¦etc. (Raja et al., 2012). We accept that every sort of growths could have its own apparatus to lessen the metals through a creation of a gathering of catalysts. In this way, the combined nanoparticle by every sort of growths could show a particular trademark including unmistakable shape and size that makes them powerful in numerous applications, particularly as antimicrobial operators. In this way, the principle point of the current examination relies upon the wide review of numerous contagious species that were disconnected from Saudi living spaces to explore their possibility to combine the silver-nanoparticles. The physical qualities of the recently delivered nanoparticles will be examined utilizing precise and fine procedures including the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) and the progress electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial movement of the portrayed silver nanoparticles will be concentrated against some therapeutically significant microscopic organisms, particularly that are including in human sicknesses, for example, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The normal aftereffects of this exploration are the getting of new contagious species that can deliver new AgNPs with the particular trademark that could be utilized and another anti-infection or antibacterial specialists to control the bacterial contaminations particularly those have a protection from the traditional compound anti-microbials The most effective method to refer to A Rapidly Growing Field of Science, Papers

The Lost Tools of Learning Free Essays

Reaction to The Lost Tools of Learning Sayers accepted the fundamental issue with present day training is that kids aren’t being educated to think. She accepted that state funded instruction doesn't show understudies how to comprehend connections between subjects, nor does the open framework show understudies how to understand the data they learned. She was disappointed that grown-ups can't appropriately discuss an inquiry, compose a clear article in the paper or think for themselves with regards to assessing publicity or promoting. We will compose a custom paper test on The Lost Tools of Learning or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Sayers was dampened that understudies are picking up everything aside from the craft of learning itself. Her contention against our present training framework helps me to remember the truism, â€Å"Give a man a fish and he eats for a day. Show a man to fish and he eats forever. † Instead of simply showing subjects we ought to show thinking, contending and how to communicate ends. On the off chance that we show understudies with an alternate methodology which centers around the craft of how to discover some new information and how to cause associations among the subjects we to learn, at that point we will be instructed on a more profound level †having information, yet understanding and knowledge also. The Trivium is Sayers answer to our issues with the present training framework. The Trivium comprise of three sections: Grammar, Dialectic and Rhetoric. These are not subjects concentrated separately, however strategies for examining subjects. Punctuation is the initial segment which includes learning the language and structure of a subject. In particular, Sayers accepted the Grammar stage ought to remember perception and retention of key ideas for Latin, Literature, History, Geography, Science and Math. For instance, the sentence structure of History ought to incorporate dates, occasions, accounts and characters. Argument, or Logic is the following stage where an understudy figures out how to utilize this language through investigation of the subjects. In this stage an understudy takes the information from the punctuation stage and starts to fabricate a more profound comprehension by thinking and breaking down what he’s realized. Talk is the third stage which includes having the option to investigate the subject †to talk and compose astutely and guard feelings and thoughts regarding a specific point or subject. In this stage understudies will put the things retained from the Grammar stage into new setting and the ideas they investigated in the Dialectic stage will be integrated with new knowledge and viewpoint. An understudy in the Rhetoric stage will have the option to express his contemplations and assessments of an idea. Through the Trivium understudies can adapt freely, break down coherently, think fundamentally and convey obviously. Each stage is a structure obstruct towards a more profound degree of comprehension. Incorporation of subjects is a key distinction between old style training and guidance from the government funded instruction framework. In the government funded training framework, understudies are shown subjects in confinement. As they get more seasoned they are urged to represent considerable authority in one subject. By learning through the phases of the Trivium, understudies can comprehend that subjects aren’t separated, yet that everything is interrelated. As they progress through the phases of the Trivium, they figure out how to make associations among subjects and put things they have learned into setting together. Coordination of subjects likewise makes new learning simpler. Understudies who have figured out how to learn can without much of a stretch ace another subject. The most effective method to refer to The Lost Tools of Learning, Essay models

Timeline of Josephine Bakers Career

Timetable of Josephine Baker's Career Josephine Baker is best associated with moving topless and wearing a banana skirt. Baker’s prevalence rose during the 1920s for moving in Paris. Until her demise in 1975, Baker was given to battling against bad form and prejudice all through the world. Josephine Baker was conceived Freda Josephine McDonald on June 3, 1906. Her mom, Carrie McDonald, was a washerwoman and her dad, Eddie Carson was a vaudeville drummer. The family lived in St. Louis before Carson left to seek after his fantasies as an entertainer. By the age of eight, Baker was filling in as a local for rich white families. At 13 years old, she fled and filled in as a server. Course of events of Baker’s Work as a Performer 1919: Baker starts visiting with the Jones Family Band just as the Dixie Steppers. Bread cook performed comedic plays and moved. 1923: Baker handles a job in the Broadway melodic Shuffle Along. Proceeding as an individual from the tune, Baker included her comedic persona, making her well known with crowds. Bread cook additionally moves to New York City. She is before long acting in Chocolate Dandies. She additionally performs with Ethel Waters at the Plantation Club. 1925 to 1930: Baker goes to Paris and acts in La Revue Nã ¨greâ at the Th㠩ã ¢tre des Champs-Elysã ©es. French crowds were intrigued with Baker’s execution particularly Danse Sauvage, in which she wore just a plume skirt. 1926: Baker’s vocation hits its pinnacle. Performing at Folies Bergã ¨re music lobby, in a set called La Folie of the day, Baker moved topless, wearing a skirt made of bananas. The show was effective and Baker got one of the most well known and most generously compensated entertainers in Europe. Authors and craftsmen, for example, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, and E. E. Cummings were fans. Bread cook additionally was nicknamed â€Å"Black Venus† and â€Å"Black Pearl.† 1930s: Baker starts singing and recording proficient. She additionally plays the lead in a few movies including Zou-Zou and Princesse Tam-Tam. 1936: Baker came back to the United States and performed. She was met with antagonistic vibe and prejudice by crowds. She came back to France and looked for citizenship. 1973: Baker performs at Carnegie Hall and gets solid audits from pundits. The show checked Baker’s rebound as a performer.â In April 1975, Baker performed at Bobino Theater in Paris. The exhibition was a festival of the 50th Anniversary of her introduction in Paris. Superstars, for example, Sophia Loren and Princess Grace of Monaco were in participation. The French Resistance 1936: Baker works for the Red Cross during the French Occupation. She engaged soldiers in Africa and the Middle East. During this time, she pirated messages for the French Resistance. At the point when World War II finished, Baker earned the Croix de Guerre and the Legion of Honor, France’s most elevated military distinctions. Social equality Activism During the 1950s, Baker came back to the United States and upheld the Civil Rights Movement. Specifically, Baker partook in different exhibitions. She boycotted isolated clubs and show scenes, contending that if African-Americans couldn't go to her shows, she would not perform. In 1963, Baker took an interest in the March on Washington. For her endeavors as a social equality dissident, the NAACP named May twentieth â€Å"Josephine Baker Day.† Cooks Death On April 12, 1975, Baker passed on of a cerebral discharge. At her memorial service, in excess of 20,000 individuals went to the avenues in Paris to partake in the parade. The French Government regarded her with a 21-weapon salute. With this respect, Baker turned into the main American lady to be covered in France with military distinctions.

Really, I dont feel like thinking of a title right now

Really, I don’t feel like thinking of a title right now As much as I hate Twitter, I think Im going to follow the trend of micro-blogging that has apparently hit MIT Admissions this week. See, Im hosed beyond all imagining, but as its basically my LAST WEEK AT MIT (?#@^*!!!), all kinds of awesome and interesting things are going on which will not be nearly as cool when blogged about after the fact. (By the way, I probably have a dozen blog entries that Ive planned and never written, and about 3 weeks between the time Im done with work and officially graduate and should probably stop blogging sobe prepared for that.) So, Ill sell my soul a little and turn this entry into a what is basically a Twitter feed. I hope you appreciate the enormity of this sacrifice of dignity. I do it all for you, dear readers. So, entry number 1! Friday May 1, 2009. 11:37 PM I just created the following page according to these strict guidelines: Yikes! This is crazy! (See any typos? Please, tell me! =P) Saturday, May 2. 12:02 PM Im in D-Lab right now (it occurs to me that I should post some pictures of this place later) and just ran into Jodie 09. Jodie and I go way back- we were almost temporary roommates. We found each other online and chatted a little before getting to MIT. By the time we actually got to campus, my rooming assignment had been switched (I was in a single, which actually really sucked for Orientation), so we never even ended up rooming together. When I got to campus I stopped by her room to say hi so we could finally meet in real life. We havent even really hung out after that, but we sort of smile and wave when we see each other. Anyway, Jodie is running around D-Lab stressing about her thesis, which is basically exactly what Im doing, so we shared our misery for a few minutes. I cant help but think back to the first and only other real conversation we had- our first day on campus, trying to figure out where the laundry room in the dorm was. Crazy how things come full circle, isnt it? Thursday, May 7. 7:52 PM Hey look, its me, on Youtube!!! Sunday, May 7. 5:38 PM I cant believe the end is so closeIm sitting in LMP (Lab for Manufacturing and Productivity) right now, trying to finish this thesis. Basically its a MechE computer lab that has been functioning as Thesis HQ for the last few days. Adelaide and I have been here for hours and hours, maybe days, maybe weeks, I dont even know anymore. There have been quite a few other people hanging out too, and we all immediately knew that we were all there for the same reason. I mean, if you didnt have a thesis to do in order to graduate, would you be in LMP at 3 AM on Sunday morning? Adelaide is really cute when shes sleep-deprived and thesising (now a verb). (The thing shes holding is the second prototype of the Braille Label Maker, her 2.009-turned-thesis project which has been owning at life lately and winning tons of awardsmore about that when I can give it the attention it deserves) Weve been bonding with the other Course 2 seniors, sharing junk food and caffeine, and repeating our new mottos: D is for diploma. Mystery Hunt Fun = Thesis I didnt pay for it, its not my explosion. (Yeah, I dont know where that one came from either, were all a little sleep-deprived over here) But Im making good progress here! I just made the following prettyful diagram: On to the editing Monday, May 11. 5:33 PM My thesis is done. Its printed on fancy special paper and turned into the undergraduate office. I had about 3 seconds to enjoy the relief from that moment before I headed over to the Rotch library to meet with a partner to finish writing a final report thats due tomorrow. I have barely slept, my brain is completely liquid, I havent had a real meal in days (I pretty much made a dinner out of Sun Chips and pineapple soda the other night), I feel like absolute crap, and this is absolutely the last thing Id like to be doing right now. Im actually pretty miserable at the moment. Even down to the bitter end, MIT enjoys beating you down and destroying your soul. Right now, IHTFP is feeling pretty one-sided

Islamic banking in the world - Free Essay Example

Executive summary: Islamic banking is a worldwide phenomenon involving a variety of institutions and Instruments offering Sharia base modes of finance, during the last few decades getting progress and facing challenges. Now most commonly there are three Islamic finance school of thoughts applying into the Islamic world they are Pakistani, Gulf and Malaysian school of thoughts. Islamic finance have a big market but there are some challenges both in secondary and primary market most commonly risk management and liquidity of funds is a big issue but in the Pakistan Islamic banks getting groom over the period of time by introducing unique Islamic mode of finance instruments. The graphical presentation of the different mode of Islamic finance and process. Moreover, all the Islamic Institutes monitor by the State Bank of Pakistan regulatory authority and working over the guidelines for risk management and refining their performance and play a vital role for the growth of country economy. Comparison of existing Islamic institutes and their performance over the period of time and how the banks deals with the overdue amount and how they manage these funds and putting them into the charitable work. Introduction: This report covers the issues of Islamic Banking and how State Bank of Pakistan regulates it according to the Sharia Compliance and enforces the Islamic banking institutions guidelines and principals for risk management. Pakistan holding world second largest Muslim population and having the lot of attraction for the investor dealing in Islamic base business and the report cover the performance of the Islamic institutions as compare with the conventional financial institutions. Moreover, Islamic banks market share their yearly bases performance and growth as compare with the previous years and during the last ten years performance of different banks operating Islamic services in Pakistan and their growth comparison that shows Mezzan Islamic bank performance and how they offer their sharia base service like Ijarah, Mudarbah, Musharkah, Murabaha and Sukuk and their graphical presentation of bank and client process that helpful to understand that how Islamic mode of finance work according to the sharia compliance. In year 2010 the total conventional banking deposits was $78bn and the projected growth rate was 13% p.a. while the share of Islamic banking deposit in Pakistan financial market was $12bn and projected growth rate was 81% p.a. with 440 Islamic operational branches. Need For Islamic Banking: Recent study published in United States stated that the growth rate of world Muslim population is higher than the world non Muslim population and it is believed and projected that it will be the quarter of the world population near 2030. Pakistan, which has seen a rise in radical Islam in current months, will chase Indonesia as the worlds most populous Muslim nation. Majority of the people seeking to invest into the Hala mode of financing and people fad up with the traditional financial system where institutions based on interest. Moreover, Islamic financial system based on the principal of Sharia, which mean they believe and follow the Islamic school of thoughts prohibition on the payment and recipient of interest this is the basic reason that make difference between the Islamic financial institutions and their Western counterparts. Government Regularity: Pakistan was among the three countries in the world that had been trying to implement interest free banking at national level. Islamic Banking is one of the rising field in global financial market and having the potential all around the world. The Islamic Banking is one of the rising field in global financial market and first full flag Islamic Banking Department was established under the supervision of State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) in 2003 and having task to promote or established financial help according to the Sharia Complaint. SBPs Islamic banking polices allow the people to establish their financial relationship with Islamic banks according with their Islamic beliefs. SBP feels the responsibility for the promotion of Islamic Banking and they work on three strategies. Allow the conventional banks to establish their Islamic banking branches throughout the country. Support the private sector to establish Islamic banks. Enforce the existing conventional banks to open stand alone Islamic banking branches. Before commencement of business a reputed sharia advisor has to be appointed according to the given SBP policy. Banks ensure all their document services authorised by their sharia advisors. Banks are required to undertake comprehensive internal audit at least once in a year. Islamic and commercial banks both shell have a separate schedule of charges authorised by their sharia advisors. Risk Management: SBP enforce the Islamic Banking Institutions to follow the guiding principles of risk management established by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) that helpful to minimize the financial risk and these principals are applied over the six categories of risk they are. Market Risk Credit Risk Operational Risk Liquidity Risk Rate of Return Risk Equity Investment Risk Sharia Compliance Framework: Shariah compliance is the most important feature of Islamic finance. SBP established a comprehensive sharia compliance structure for the credibility of the Islamic Banking Institutions and the structure consists of. Sharia Board at SBP Sharia Advisor Forum Sharia Advisor Model agreement of Islamic mode of financing Guidelines for sharia compliance in IBIs Sharia compliance inspection Industry Progress and Market share: Islamic banks in Pakistan producing amazing results during the time when conventional financial system fully griped even all around the world and having more financial tools than Islamic sector. Under the current policy first Islamic banking licence was granted on in year, 2002. In year 2010 the total conventional banking deposits was $78bn and the projected growth rate was 13% p.a. while the share of Islamic banking deposit in Pakistan financial market was $12bn and projected growth rate was 81% p.a. with 440 Islamic operational branches. It is also important to compare the Pakistani Islamic financial sector with the progress in other countries. Malaysia first Islamic bank was established in 1983 and till 2007 its stand on 13%, Bahrain Islamic Bank stands on 8% during 30 years and Indonesia Islamic banks started their service science 1990s and still it has progress around 1.67% all the above figures shows that the performance of Islamic banking sector in Pakistan comparatively better or satisfactory than other global countries especially east Asian countries. Banking and Finance Shariah Mode of Finance: Islamic finance sector in Pakistan offer a wide range of shariah base service to the investors. Following are the shariah complaint modes of banking and finance. Trading Mode Participatory Modes Debt Based Mode Other Modes zIjarah or Ijarah wa Iqtina Mudaraba Qard Wakalah Murabaha Musharka Assignment of Debt Musawamah Diminishing Musharka Kafalah Salam Equity participation in the form of shares in a corporate entity Istisna Tawarruq Charity Fund: SBP, policy for the income generated by the non-Sharia based resources or the income incurred by the bases of any penalties either its a late payment charges received by the client in default or overdue cases etc are transfer to the charity fund that income utilize for the charitable or social welfare purposes. Banks Offer Services: Following are the year wise entry of Islamic banks in Pakistan economy. Market Share 2003-2007: To analyse the market share its important to check both sides of the balance sheet to discourage the unethical information plays by the account managers and some time auditors play role to help them just for generating accounting profit and get good response from the market. SBP, keep focusing over the accounting performances on both Islamic and Conventional services sector and finally announced yearly bases comparison of the both sectors for encourage the investors. The table below shows the market share performance comparison from 2003-2007. Branch Network Growth: In the Pakistan economy Islamic banking sector performing amazingly and by offering riba free services Islamic banks in overall branch network of the industry has increased over period of time and getting higher pace. All are the major banks in Pakistan now offering Islamic bank services. By 30th June 2008 total asset of Islamic banking industry in Pakistan was over Rs. 225 bn which was the 4.5% of the total banking industry assets. In the four provinces of Pakistan and AJK, more than 330 branches offering Islamic service. SBP, enforce all the conventional and non conventional to open their Islamic branches in all major cities and towns covering all the four provinces of the country and AJK. The table below shows growth in the branches network of Islamic banking industry science 2003-2007. Bank wise Share and Total Assets: Islamic banking system consider the alternative of the existing conventional system and the percentage value of Islamic banking assets growth in Pakistan gradually getting pace during the years 2003-2007 that was 85.2%, 241.8%, 62%, 66.9% and 72.6% respectively. Both IBs Islamic Banks and IBDs Islamic Banking Divisions enjoying growth, but rapid growth seems from year 2004 due to the large network of full fledged Islamic banks over more than 50 cities with the support of conventional bank IBs. The table below shows the assets of Islamic banking industry in Pakistan during the year 2003-2007. The bank wise share of Islamic banking industry Assets is as on 31st December, 2007. It is interesting and noticeable the highest growth that is 32.62% gaining by the fully fledge Pakistan most leading Islamic bank Mezzna Bank Limited (MBL) while the three big commercial bank have not showing the sign of market share they are UBL, NBP and HBL that predict the confidence of people over Islamic banks in Pakistan. Deposit and Bank wise share: Deposits are the key of success for any financial institutes mainly it is important for Islamic banking that target different people from different background during the time when conventional banking having the large share of market but the performance during the years 2003-2007 predict the scope of Islamic banking and its success against the conventional system. Islamic banking divisions and Islamic banks gaining remarkable growth in deposits during the years 2003-2007 that is 65.3%, 259.5%, 65.4%, 67.7% 76.0% respectively. Moreover, rapid progress shown in year 2004 because aggressive banking start from Bank Alfalah Limited and the new entry of Al Barqa bank and after the couple of year Dubai Islamic bank, Emirates Global bank, Bank Islami and Duawood Islamic bank start their full fledge business and contribute to lead the deposit position up to mark during the year 2006 and 2007. Bank share deposits performance during the year 2003-2007 is as under. Financing and Banks Share: Liquidity management play a vital role for the existence of any financial institute. SBP provides a complete range of instructions to all Islamic banks to keep follow them for getting the good results from the market not only provide the policy also provide the a complete sharia compliance cell and sharia advisors for risk management. During the period from 2002-2007 Islamic banks financial performance was amazing that was 97.8% while the respective year growth was 135.1%, 218.4%, 66.4%, 43.4% 63.5%. figures show that Meezan bank capturing almost one third of financing while Bank Alfalh again leads the category of conventional banks having Islamic banking branches with the addition of BankIslami, Emirates Global, Dubai Islamic and Dawood Islamic yearly financing growth rate getting good pace every year. Composition of different mode of Islamic financing that shows saving deposit initially grew at high pace but latterly fixed deposit performance relatively better growing rate. By offering the credible shariah compliance, help to develop the interest of the customers. For the Islamic Banking Institutions ideal modes of financing belong to the low risk share category i.e. those which usually generate a fixed return. Among these Murabaha (cost plus mutually agreed profit margin). Ijara (leasing) are the most attractive and popular modes of financing. However, lately the share of Diminishing Musharaka has also grown at a rapid pace leading towards diversification of the Islamic banks financing portfolio Islamic Mode of Financing: Ijarah: Ijarah is a term of Islamic Fiqh Literally, it means To give something on rent The term Ijarah is used in two situations: It means To employ the services of a person on wages e.g. A hires a porter at the airport to carry his luggage Another type of Ijarah relates to paying rent for use of an asset or property defined as LAND in Islamic Economics Ijarah is an Islamic alternative of Leasing. Leasing backed by an acceptable contract is an acceptable transaction under Shariah. The question of whether or not the transaction of leasing is Shariah compliant depends on the terms and conditions of the contract. Several characteristics of conventional agreements may not conform to Shariah thus making the transaction un-Islamic and thereby invoking a prohibition. Risk and rewards of ownership lies with the owner i.e. any loss to the asset beyond the control of the lessee should be borne by the Lessor. Late payment penalty cannot be charged to the income of the Lessor. Lease and Sale agreement should be separate and non contingent. Bank Ijarah Process: The customer approaches the Bank with the request for financing and enters into a promise to lease agreement. The Bank purchases the item required for leasing and receives title of ownership from the vendor The Bank makes payment to the vendor The Bank leases the asset to the customer after execution of lease agreement. The customer makes periodic rental payments as per the contract At the end of the tenure customer can purchase the asset from the bank with the help of separate Sale agreement. In case of sale, title of property is transferred to Buyer In case of Ijarah, title remain with the Lessor Only the use of the property is transferred to Lessee Murabaha financing: Murabaha is a particular kind of sale and not a financing in its origin. Where the transaction is done on a cost plus profit basis i.e. the seller discloses the cost to the buyer and adds a certain profit to it to arrive at the final selling price. The seller discloses the cost to the buyer and a known profit is added. Payment of Murabaha price may be: At spot In installments. In lump sum after a certain time Some basic rules should be the part of Murabaha base financing, they are Sale price should be determined. Asset to be sold must exist. Sale must be unconditional. Assets to be sold: Should not be used for un-Islamic purpose. Should be in ownership of the seller at the time of sale, physical Step by Step Murabaha Process: Following are the steps that a bank takes during offering Murabah base services. The client and the bank sign an overall agreement whereby the institution promises to sell and the client promises to buy the commodity from time to time on an agreed ratio of profit added to the cost. This agreement may specify the limit up-to which the facility may be availed. An agency agreement is signed by both parties in which the institution appoints the client as his agent for purchasing the commodity on its behalf. The client purchases the commodity on behalf of the institution and takes possession as the agent of the institution. The client informs the institution that it has purchased the commodity and simultaneously makes an offer to purchase it from the institution. The institution accepts the offer and the sale are concluded whereby ownership as well as risk is transferred to the client. Diminishing Musharakah: Musharkah is the form of Shirakat partnership and following are the types of Musharkah. Shirkat-ul-Milk: Joint ownership of two or more persons in a particular property Shirkat-ul-Aqd: A partnership affected by mutual contract. It can also be translated as a joint commercial enterprise In Diminishing Musharkah the financier and the client have a joint ownership of equipment, property or a commercial enterprise. The share of the financier will be divided into a number of units The client will purchase these units one by one periodically until he is the sole owner of the property Bank and Diminishing Musharkah Process: These are the components that a Bank perform during Diminishing Musharkah contract or agreement. Joint ownership of the Bank and customer Customer as a lessee uses the share of the bank Redemption of the share of the Bank by the customer Istisna: Istisnaa is the second exception to the rules of sale where a sale is allowed without immediate delivery of the goods sold. Istisnaa is a contract of sale of specified items to be manufactured, with an requirement on the part of the manufacturer to deliver them to the Customer upon completion. It is not permissible that the entity of an Istisnaa contract be a tangible existing and identified capital asset. An Istisnaa contract is permitted only for raw materials that can be transformed from their natural state by a manufacturing or construction process involving labor. The time of delivery of goods does not necessarily have to be fixed in Istisnaa however, a maximum time may be agreed upon between the parties. The Istisnaa price can either be paid in advance, or in installments or at the time of delivery of goods. The price of Istisnaa transactions may vary in accordance with variations in the delivery date. Sukuk: For the liquidity management offered sukuk into the Islamic finance money market which is basically the certificate of equal value representing proportionate ownership of tangible assets. This ownership comes in effect after the completion of payment and with the investment of received funds. Sukuk representing equity share in a particular business or investment portfolio (based on Musharakah/ Mudarabah). Sukuk representing receivable or future goods (based on Murabaha or Salam or Istisna). Salam and Murabah base Sukuk are the non tradeable while tradable Sukuk are tangible assets or proportionate ownership of a business or investment portfolio are tradable for instance Ijarah or Musharkah/ Mudarbah base Sukuk. Moreover, Sukuk use for the liquidity need but still it has some objection or restriction during offering into the market. Sukuk holders have the complete ownership rights. Manager cannot lend money when the actual profit is less than the expected. Before offering the sukuk into the market must abide by the Sharia supervisory board. Sukuk should be issue over the new industrial and commercial venture.

Overview of 3GPP Lont Term Evolution - 1365 Words

An Introduction of Overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is 4G wireless communications standard radio platform technologies that allow operators to achieve higher peak throughputs than HSPA+ in higher spectrum bandwidth. LTE was developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and this began in 2004, with an official LTE work item started in 2006 and a completed 3GPP Release 8 specification in March 2009. Initial deployments of LTE began in late 2009, and it is part of the GSM evolutionary path for mobile broadband, following EDGE, UMTS, HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA combined) and HSPA Evolution (HSPA+). Although HSPA and its evolution are strongly positioned to be the dominant mobile data technology for the next decade, the 3GPP family of standards must evolve toward the future. HSPA+ will provide the stepping-stone to LTE for many operators. The overall objective for LTE is to provide an extremely high performance radio-access technology that offers full vehicular speed mobility and that can readily coexist with HSPA and earlier networks. Because of scalable bandwidth, operators will be able to easily migrate from their networks and users from HSPA to LTE over time. LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture and is designed to support voice in the packet domain. It incorporates top-of-the-line radio techniques to achieve performance levels beyond what will be practical with CDMA approaches, particularly in larger

The Diverse Portrayals of People of Color in Cinema

Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

[Writer Name] [Subject] [Date] Martin Luther king Jr., â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† Outline 1. Introduction i) Argument about â€Å"Justice and injustice† ii) Religious appeals in King’s latter iii) Paragraph fourteen of King’s latter 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion Introduction The pressure of racial segregation was reaching a boiling point in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. After being arrested for his part in the Birmingham Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter in response to â€Å"A Call for Unity†, written by eight white clergymen from Birmingham. Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail is a true call for unity, as he clearly states and points out facts that the clergymen have omitted from†¦show more content†¦Blacks are going through a really tough time during this Negro revolution in 1963 and Dr. King accentuates the point by the use of strong diction, which set the tone of the letter. For example, Dr. King elucidates the reason his people cant wait for their rights and thats because â€Å"hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill† his â€Å"black brothers and sisters† and that basically most white people torment them any chance they get. In the letter written by the clergyman the y say (like it was something new), that they were now facing demonstrations led by outsiders (King). Religious appeals in King’s latter King wants them to know that he is not really an outsider but the president of The Southern Christian Leadership Conference with an affiliation in Birmingham. He wants to point out that he not only has organizational ties but also was invited to participate in the direct action program in Birmingham in support of desegregation. In the course of the letter, King uses philosophical, religious and historical examples to get his points across. In order to gain control of the reader Martin Luther King Jr. includes vivid images of cruel acts that African Americans in Birmingham endured. Concerning this unsettling time in society King could have described many of the immoral and unjust acts that he encountered on a

The Decision Atomic Bomb - 1459 Words

The use of an atomic bomb is something that has lingered in the conscience of many Americans since the American B-29 Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb ever used on August 6, 1945. The United States was urging Japan to surrender, when they refused to comply with these terms, the bomb was dropped and 100,000 people were killed. Two professors of American History, Robert James Maddox and Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, share their opposing views on weather the atomic bomb was necessary to end World War II. Maddox claims that the atomic bomb forced the Japanese army to agree to surrender, which significantly saved more lives than would have been lost. Hasegawa asserts that the Soviet invasion of Japan was a more prominent reasoning for surrender in†¦show more content†¦Word would spread of weapons that could have prevented it all and Truman chose not to use them and would go down in the books as America’s villain. Tsuyoshi Hasegawa battles Maddox by arguing all the â€Å"what if† scenarios that could have possibly been better alternatives to using the atomic bomb. He questions why Truman didn’t accept a provision in the Potsdam ultimatum that would allow the Japanese to retain a constitutional monarchy. If Truman were to permit that provision it would have cut off Japan’s reliance on Moscow’s mediation and instigate Japan’s surrender months sooner (Hasegawa p. 245). Hasegawa proposes that Truman had an undisclosed reason for not accepting the provision. He knew that Japan would refuse his terms and wanted the rejection to justify the use of the atomic bomb (Hasegawa p. 246). Hasegawa explores other possibilities, perhaps involving Stalin in the Potsdam Proclamation so Japan would finally give up hope of the Russian mediation. Thus, Japan would be forced to face the terms presented by Truman and give a clear status of surrender. Hasegawa attributes the Japanese surrender to the soviet invasion rather than the atomic bombs anyway. â€Å"An alternative was available, but they chose not to take it† (Hasegawa p. 247). Hasegawa believes that there were multiple routes Truman could have taken and avoided nuclear warfare, instead, his actions were motivated byShow MoreRelatedThe Decision Of Drop An Atomic Bomb1901 Words   |  8 PagesThe decision to drop an atomic bomb is one of the hardest a commander-in-chief could make during their life. Let alone a president that was just inaugurated two months prior in the middle of World War II. This was the case for former President Harry S. Truman and it changed the world forever. In his eyes at the time and from the information given to him by his advisors this was the best option to end the fastest with the least amount of casualties for both the Americans and the Japanese. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Decision Of Drop The Atomic Bomb2270 Words   |  10 PagesThe decision to drop the atomic bomb, made by President Truman, was largely influenced by political factors rather than military factors. Traditionalist historians argue from the military perspective that the bomb was used to end the war as quickly as possible and with as minimal causalities as possible. Revisionist historians, on the other hand, argue the political perspective where they believe that the bomb was dropped as a diplomatic tool to intimidate the rising superpower that was the SovietRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Was The Right Decision835 Words   |  4 Pageswas the first country to use the atomic bomb in warfare. On August 6, 1945, the first of two atomic bombs were dropped. The first bomb was named, â€Å"Little Boy,† and was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. The second bomb was named, â€Å"Fat Man,† (History.com Staff 2009) and was dropped on the city of Nagasaki three days later. The bombs resulted in thousands of casualties and radiation among the civilians. Dropping the atomic bomb was the right decision because the bomb would end the war, it was r evengeRead MoreTruman s Decision For The Atomic Bomb980 Words   |  4 Pagesforever. Are other countries making the same bomb? What if it falls into the wrong hands? They would have the power to eliminate whatever they wanted.† Harry S. Truman had the tremendous decision that could and would change life forever. The atomic bomb was not like any other bomb. The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, also known as Little boy was the biggest atomic bomb the world has ever seen. Truman made the right choice of choosing to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki because it saved livesRead More The Decision To Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the direct cause for the end of World War II in the Pacific. The United States felt it was necessary to drop the atomic bombs on these two cities or it would suffer more casualties. Not only could the lives of many soldiers have bee n taken, but possibly the lives of many innocent Americans. The United States will always try to avoid the loss of American civilians at all costs, even if that means takingRead MoreTrumans Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb2142 Words   |  9 Pageshistory 138w-38 | Why did Truman use the atomic bomb against Japan? What did his decision say about priorities of American foreign policy? | Truman decision and reasons behind deployment of the atomic bomb | | Min Yong Jung | 11/2/2010 | | Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, deployed the atomic bomb on Japan to ensure the end of the Pacific War with minimal US casualties. 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Within the four years that followed, the United States--under the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt-- researched and developed an atomic bomb. This was known as the Manhattan Project. Such a bomb was more powerful and destructive than any ever known to man. After FDR died on April 12,Read MoreUnderstanding the Decisions to Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan to research atomic energy and the possibility of creating an atomic bomb (Walker 10). When the bombs were created, the arguments for and against the use of it were gruesome, lengthy, and all understandable in some way. During the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan, President Harry S. Truman and his fellow politicians had to consider the ethical arguments provided by the scientific community and the pragmatic arguments provided by the military; in order to make a decision that would be theRead MoreTruman s Decision On The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb996 Words   |  4 PagesAldrin Ubaldo HIS 218-03 Atomic Bomb Paper Presidents Harry Truman’s decision on the dropping of the atomic bomb was the best decision he could make because having another land invasion similar to D-Day of June 1944 would risk more resources and soldiers’ lives on either side. Paul Fussell article states that in PFC E. B. Sledge memoir With the Old Breed at Pelieu and Okinawa. As the U.S military fights closely to the mainland of Japan, the fighting in the surrounding islands in Iwo Jima and

Essy and Nd Free Essays

An essay is generally a short piece of writing written from an author’s personal point of view, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article, a pamphlet and a short story. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Essy and Nd or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke’s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population are counterexamples. In some countries (e. g. , the United States and Canada), essays have become a major part ot tormal education. Secondary students are taught structured essay tormats to improve their writing skills, and admission essays are often used by universities in electing applicants and, in the humanities and social sciences, as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams. The concept of an â€Å"essay† has been extended to other mediums beyond writing. A film essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary film making styles and which focuses more on the evolution of a theme or an idea. A photographic essay is an attempt to cover a topic with a linked series of photographs; it may or may not have an accompanying text or caption How to cite Essy and Nd, Papers

Importance of Non-Government Organisations-Samples for Students

Question: Disucss about the Importance of Non-Government Organisations. Answer: Introduction: This report is based on the importance of Non-government Organisations and their role on the various subjects and to promote the idea of human rights. It has been observed that the NGOs are certain kinds of non-profit organisations and active in the fields like education, healthcare, public policy, environment and other related issues (Coe and Majot 2013). The citizen found these organisations and in recent times, the importance of these organisations is becoming more effective. Considering their importance, 27th February is celebrating as World NGO Day. In this report, the role of the Organisation Intersex International has been discussed. This supportive measure has been taken for the interest of the intersex people (Carpenter 2016). Curtis Hinkle was the founder of this organisation and work of the organisation has begun in the year 2003. The main objective of this organisation is to maintain equality among the intersex personalities and in the words of sociologists Georgiann Davi s, Organisation Intersex International is the activist organisation in that field. According to this organisation, many people have certain sexual disorders and it is the duty of the humankind to treat them equally. It has branches in different provinces such as Australia, Europe, USA and South Africa (Jones and Hillier 2013). Discussion Organisation Intersex International in Australia: The organisation has been established in Australia in the year 2009 and become a Public generous Organisation in the year 2010. Gina Wilson was the founding president of the organisation. The role of the organisation in the society of Australia is imperative in nature. It has been observed that the medical intervention of the organisation regarding the intersex-affected people has certain positive impacts and the organisation has been actively involved in the cosmetic surgeries to the affected personalities (Preves 2016). It has been stated by Gina Wilson that the organisation is capable to bring effective changes in the mentality of the society regarding the intersex persons. They have advertised certain news on equality regarding the sexual disorder persons and it has been noticed that the organisation, to certain extent, receives huge success in that particular field (Spencer, Meer and Mller 2017). In 2012, an inquiry committee has been established to look over the matters of the organisation and it has been alleged that the organisation is suffering from certain illicit sterilisation. It has been replied by the organisation that the projected impacts of the surgeries are more than the normal reconstruction. The sexual disorder has been termed as gender dysphoria by the organisation and it has been observed that the organisation is attempting to contact with the medicinal persons as well as the doctors to play their role effectively in such processes (Swartz and Erasmus 2016). Dilemmas: It has been observed that the organisation has to face a number of dilemmas while performing their job. The main objective of the organisation is to retain the gender equality and operate the affected persons to give them normal life like others. The organisation has submitted its report on its activities and it has been observed that the number of operations and medicinal sterilisation have been used invariably by the organisation (McDonald 2015). Due to the high use of the steroid, persons are becoming affected by this and the organisation has to face dilemmas in the sectors like Social, Political, Ethical and Legal arena. Doughlas has extended the arena and importance of the Non-governmental organisations. However, the activities of the organisation in Australia are suffering from certain disabilities (Douglas, Levitan and Kiama 2017). It has been agreed by the Australians that the genital mutilation is a wise step regarding the bodily integrity and protecting the children from violence is a great job, but the organisation is taking step on behalf of the girls only. Many citizens have regarded this as unethical. In their view, steps should be taken for the interest of every child and there shall not be any discrimination regarding the point. It has been also observed that the organisation has attempted to operate children and there was no urgency regarding the same (Fraser 2016). Legal issues take place when it has been notified by the inquiry report that the organisation is involved in the surgery of underage children. Non-consensual intersex genital modification is illegal in the provinces of Austra lia. However, there are allegations that the organisation is involved in such activities and for that, the organisations are facing dilemmas. Greenberg has stated that the organisation is facing certain legal and social issues and it has been rightly alleged that the process of the organisation is harmful in nature (Meyer-Bahlburg 2015). It has been observed that the organisation is involving in the genital normalising process. The children who are affected by the sexual disorder needs to be operated to this effect. The organisation does the same job. However, the main side effect of the same is that the operated children sometimes have to face physical abnormality and they have to undergo into a lifelong hormone sterilisation. It has been stated by the Australian Government that it is the right of the children to decide whether they want to be interchanged or stay same. The organisation has no right over the issue. Georgie Yovanovic in the year 1970 who was also affect ted by the forced medical treatments and surgery had bought allegations. Shon Klose, a musician was also pressurised to undergo into a genital surgery without any medical counselling. Form the side of politics too; the organisation has been suffered from certain dilemmas (Nokoff et al. 2017). It has been stated that the children should be treated equally irrespective of their weak points or disorder. It is not wise step to change the problems by way of operating them. It has been mentioned by many human right activists and political ministers that interchange the sexual organs without obtaining their consent is a violation regarding the fundamental rights of the children and therefore, strong allegations have been made against the structure of the organisation. Intersex in South Africa: In the continents of South Africa, the sexual disorders are found in a more ratio. The term intersex can be applied to them who have certain sexual disorders and certain typical binary notions that can be effectively operated to make them normal (Muller 2014). It has been observed that the institution is engaging into a self-operated organisation. In South Africa, the human rights activists, Sally Gross, have established the institution on the intersex criteria. She was acting as a mentor in the arena of intersex activities and established an NGO that was affiliated with the Organisation Intersex International. It has been observed that the problem regarding the intersex is a burning topic in the territory of South Africa and therefore, certain measures have been taken for protecting the interest of the affected persons (Coe and Majot 2013). Dilemmas: In the states of South Africa too, the intersex organisation has to face certain dilemmas and to certain extent, the organisation is violating the rules of the fundamental rights. It has been observed that the organisation is not getting the consent of the children while interchanging their genital organs and the age of the child was also not legal (Carpenter 2016). It has been observed that the clitoral surgeries are become a serious concern and the organisation is alleged to operate those surgeries by the help of over sterilisation. Comparison and contrast between two NGOs: It has been noticed in the early descriptions that both the organisations have certain significant role over the intersex problems and getting success to certain extent. The term intersex is applied to the person who is suffering from the sexual disorders and has certain genital problem that differs them from others. In many states, it has been observed that the intersex persons have to face discrimination and that make them mentally ill. Certain non-government organisations are established to define the problem and curb the ill effect of the same (Jones and Hillier 2013). Organisation Intersex international is one of the NGO that is working for the interest of the intersex personalities. It has been observed that the organisation has done many activities and implemented certain medical policies and applied the same to the affected persons. The organisation was for the first time established in United Kingdom in the year 2003 and in 2009; it has its branch in Australia. The organisat ion has its branch in the states like South Africa, United States and Europe. In this report, the comparison regarding the activities of the two branches of the organisation has been mentioned. The comparisons are depend on the social structure of each states and the political and legal criteria of each of the states (McDonald 2015). It is no doubt to state that there are differences between the governmental and social structure of the two states. The activities and the nature of the two branches are also different. In the state of Australia, governmental approach on the genital transformation has been ob served. It has also been stated that the policies taken by the social activists and the human rights volunteers against the arbitrary policies of the organisation by stating that the institution is not obtaining consent from the children regarding the surgery (HUPF 2015). There are certain other allegations medical dilemmas and it has been observed that the patients have to undergo into the process of sterilisation that might affect their social life. It has been observed that the organisation has taken certain policies in Australia by way of operating the discrepancies regarding the physical bodies and the steroid they are injecting has certain side effects. The Australian government has implemented certain policies regarding the intersex personalities and the term has not been included under the legal enactments (Douglas, Levitan and Kiama 2017). On the other hand, in the provinces of South Africa, the works of the organisation regarding the intersex has been applauded and the government of South Africa is also extend their helping hand towards them so that the social disease like intersex can be curbed (Muller 2014). It has been observed that term intersex has been included in the anti-discrimination law for the protection of equality and justice. Certain documentation has been published to make aware the people regarding the intersex challenge such as Intersexion. Effectiveness of these NGOs: The importance of this organisation in the intersex policies cannot be denied. This organisation has adopted certain policies to abolish the gender discrimination process form the society. It is obvious to state that the main object of the organisation is moral (Crerand, Sarwer and Ryan 2017). The others due to their sexual disorder are affecting many persons and it has been observed that the persons have to face serious conclusion and sometimes, they developed psychological problems. The policies taken by the organisation, to certain extent succeed to remove certain disabilities and awarded with certain prestigious respects. In Australia, the organisation had won United Nations Human Rights Award. It has been observed that the organisation has committed certain surgical operation and many get relief from the curse of having sexual disorders. The main affected person of such disorders is being known as LGBT (Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender) community. The institution has tried to make equality among these classes. In the developing countries, the impact of the organisation is effective (Meyer-Bahlburg 2015). The organisation wants to become the voice for the intersex people. It helps to promote the concept over the bodily autonomy. This is a fact that the efforts of Sally Gross help the South African government to include the term in the legal enactment to curb the dispute of inequality. Conclusion: Therefore, it has been understood from the above-mentioned points that the Organisation intersex International is playing certain important roles to establish the concept of intersex equality. In the words of Stephanie Farrior, the mentality to the inequality has caused certain dilemma over the humankind (Farrior 2017). The contribution of Organisation Intersex International should be regarded in this case. It has implemented certain policies for the betterment of this community. It has been notified that this organisation has faced a number of criticisms regarding the arbitrary nature of working and over sterilisation. In certain states, the process of gender transformation has been regarded as illegal and the human rights activists are protesting against it. However, the importance of this organisation could not be denied. It is required to mention that the policy implementations are depended on the social structure of the states and therefore, difference has been observed in the t erritory of Australia and South Africa References: Carpenter, M., 2016. The human rights of intersex people: addressing harmful practices and rhetoric of change.Reproductive health matters,24(47), pp.74-84. Coe, J. and Majot, J., 2013. Monitoring, evaluation and learning in NGO advocacy. Findings from Comparative Policy Advocacy MEL Review Project.Oxfam America,2, pp.4-5. Crerand, C.E., Sarwer, D.B. and Ryan, M., 2017. Cosmetic Medical and Surgical Treatments and Body Dysmorphic Disorder.Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Advances in Research and Clinical Practice, p.431. Douglas, M., Levitan, R. and Kiama, L.W., 2017. Expanding the role of NGOs in resettlement.Forced Migration Review, (54), p.34. Farrior, S. ed., 2017.Equality and Non-discrimination Under International Law(Vol. 2). Routledge. Fraser, S., 2016. Constructing the female body: using female genital mutilation law to address genital-normalizing surgery on intersex children in the United States.International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare,9(1), pp.62-72. Greenberg, J.A., 2017, May. Legal, ethical, and human rights considerations for physicians treating children with atypical or ambiguous genitalia. InSeminars in Perinatology. WB Saunders. HUPF, R., 2015. 2015 SPECIAL ISSUE: ADVANCING LGBTQIA RIGHTS IN A POST-OBERGEFELL WORLD: ALLYSHIP TO THE INTERSEX COMMUNITY ON COSMETIC, NON-CONSENSUAL GENITAL" NORMALIZING" SURGERY.Wm. Mary J. of Women L.,22, pp.73-129. Jones, T. and Hillier, L., 2013. Comparing trans-spectrum and same-sex-attracted youth in Australia: Increased risks, increased activisms.Journal of LGBT Youth,10(4), pp.287-307. McDonald, E., 2015. Intersex people in Aotearoa New Zealand: The challenges for law and social policy: Part I: Critiquing gender normalising surgery.Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.,46, p.705. Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F., 2015. Misrepresentation of evidence favoring early normalizing surgery for atypical sex anatomies: response to Baratz and Feder (2015).Archives of sexual behavior,44(7), pp.1765-1768. Muller, A., 2014. Professionalism is key in providing services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex South Africans.SAMJ: South African Medical Journal,104(8), pp.558-559. Nokoff, N.J., Palmer, B., Mullins, A.J., Aston, C.E., Austin, P., Baskin, L., Bernab, K., Chan, Y.M., Cheng, E.Y., Diamond, D.A. and Fried, A., 2017. Prospective assessment of cosmesis before and after genital surgery.Journal of pediatric urology,13(1), pp.28-e1. Preves, S.E., 2016. Unruly bodies.Introducing the New Sexuality Studies, p.115. Spencer, S., Meer, T. and Mller, A., 2017. The care is the best you can give at the time: Health care professionals experiences in providing gender affirming care in South Africa.PloS one,12(7), p.e0181132. Swartz, L. and Erasmus, G., 2016. LGBTI-psychosocial services and support adolescents and young people in Gauteng, Pretoria South Africa: profiling the psychosocial support services of OUT (servicing the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community).Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research,7(9).

Marketing Management of Strategic

Question: What is the Marketing management of Strategic ? Answer : Introduction: Marketing strategy is one of the most effective parts of business plans and policies. In order to achieve organizational success the business experts have to keep a continuous update about the needs and demands of the customers. This particular study has provided an in-depth understanding, on how a particular business organization should focus on managing marketing strategy for drawing the attention of the customers. As per the business plans and policies, maintaining product and service quality is not the only vision of an organization. In order to draw the attention of customers from different geographical market, the marketing managers have to implement numerous strategies and policies to survive with current market demand. This particular study has focused to highlight the current market strategy and policy of PT. Feradime Group for expanding their entire business process beyond going the regional boundary of Indonesia. Back ground of Company: Feradime Group is a flourishing engineering consultant company established their business process in Indonesia. Initially, the primary aim of PT. Feradime Group was to provide effective consulting service process to oil and gas sector. It has been observed that in last few years oil and gas sectors has been facing a disastrous consequence due to the rapid declination of oil prices (Azma and Mostafapour 2012). As a result, the company like PT. Feradime Group has faced major difficulties to maintain market demand. In order to overcome this kind of situation, the organization has decided to change their business genre to Smartphone application development. In the year 2015, the business experts have launched a new product by developing the software for mobile application. With the help of innovative service process, this particular organization has already created a demand in the current market of Indonesia. In May 2016, PT. Feradime Group has received an award for a project. This parti cular company being a start-up business is possessed with 11 staff members overall. Development of software for mobile application such as Apply Pie, Mobile Roadie, Bizness App, Shoutem, Como, OutSstem, MagPlus Design are the core product of PT. Feradime Group. The service providers of this organization are flexible enough to deal with any kind of customers belonging to different cultural and religious background (Baldwin, Cave and Lodge 2012). Due to the limited employees at the workplace, the business experts have to face difficulties for maintaining balance between supply and demand. Being the new business process PT. Feradime Group needs to focus on effective promotional activities based on which the products and services can be reached to the door of customers. Objective: The primary aim of this particular study is to evaluate the importance of strategic marketing management for business expansion. The objectives of this study are as follows: To critically understand the impact of implementing new marketing strategy for business progress To highlight the benefit of conducting market analysis before forming the business strategy and policy To provide some major recommendations on how the marketing strategies can be developed for enhancing the revenue growth of the company Conduct Analysis: Indonesia as per the current situation is out an out under-developed country in comparison to its population (Benitez-Amado and Walczuch 2012). Therefore, before making market strategy and policy every business organization has to conduct an effective market analysis. PT. Feradime Group after changing their business sector has decided to conduct an effective market analysis to evaluate the current trend of Indonesia market. PESTEL Before forming the market strategy and policy, the organization such as PT. Feradime Group likes to make an effective external or macro analysis in order to know the political, economic, social, technical, environmental and legal factors. PESTEL ANALYSIS Political The political environment of Indonesia is suitable to maintain the business process of an organization. PT. Feradime Group after launching new products in the market is not affected by the political movements and tax policies of the organization Economic The current economic status of Indonesia is low As a result, PT. Feradime Group while drawing customers attention would have to focus on implementing low cost strategies to survive in the market (Bertay, Demirg-Kunt and Huizinga 2013) Social Indonesia is possessed with the people of various cultures and backgrounds Therefore, before designing a product the business experts may focus on dealing with the diversified products and services for being unbiased towards any particular cultures and religions Technical Indonesia being an under-developed country is not very advanced in technological progress Therefore, before developing new software for mobile applications the organization should make systematic promotional activities to create awareness on the products and services of PT. Feradime Group (Cadez and Guilding 2012). Environmental Indonesia is constituted with 17508 islands having tropical climate. this particular climate is not very much suitable for launching numerous mobile applications As a result, before launching this kind of products in the market of Indonesia, this particular organization like PT. Feradime Group should focus on market promotions and services. Legal Before running a business process properly, the organization has to maintain some major acts and regulations properly. The regulations include the implementation of national employment law, international trade regulations and restrictions, monopolies and mergers rule and so on (Dixit and Skeath 2015). Table 1: PESTEL Analysis of PT. Feradime Group (Source: Economides and Tg 2012) Competitors advantage: While running business organization, the company like PT. Feradime Group should always focus on rendering profit more than of its current competitors. PT. Feradime Group before making effective strategies and policies for becoming a threat for the competitors, tend to focus on conducting market survey (Gast and Zanini 2012). This market survey helps the business experts to gain an in-depth knowledge and experience regarding the strategies and policies of other competitors of PT. Feradime Group. After conducting market survey, the business experts have analyzed some major drawbacks within their business process that has become a big advantage for the competitors (Ghemawat 2013). Feradime Group is primarily known as one of the most recognizable engineering consultant. After the declination of oil price, the business experts have decided to switch over the industry to IT. Therefore, the company has faced innumerable challenges to establish their business among several IT companies in Indonesia. At the same time, it is undeniable that the employees of PT. Feradime Group are not efficient enough to act as an eminent software developer (Grant 2016). Therefore, the employees are unable to provide effective service process to fulfill customers needs and demands sometimes. Feradime Group established their wings in the IT industry currently. Therefore, the marketing managers had to face innumerable difficulties to gain customers trust and expectation (Henisz and Zelner 2012). Due to the limited budget in promotional activities the marketing executives failed to maintain proper promotional activities in various geographical markets. As a result, the customers are deprived to get detailed overview about the products and service procedure of PT. Feradime Group. Therefore, financial strength is one of the most significant factors to flourish entire business process in the market of Indonesia. Product diversity is another aspect that enables the customers to be attracted towards business organization. Feradime Group was primarily familiar for engineering consultant (Hilmersson 2014). Therefore, in this specific sector this particular organization can be considered as start-up. Therefore, PT. Feradime Group failed to maintain product diversity within their organization. This particular factor has become an advantage for the competitors. SWOT Before forming strategic plans and policies for the organization like PT. Feradime Group, the business experts have to conduct an effective internal analysis for evaluating the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the company. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Sufficient number of workforce is one of the major strengths for the organization like PT. Feradime Group Indonesia is possessed with limited number of IT companies. As a result, the organization does not have to face huge market threat from competitors. Weaknesses PT. Feradime Group was popularly famous as engineering consult company. Therefore, the business experts failed to gain trust of customers by providing products and services (Hollensen 2015). After the declination of oil price, the economic strength of PT. Feradime Group has been reduced widely. As a result, the organization failed to make a better plan for providing quality services as well as maintaining product diversity. Opportunities PT. Feradime Group is endowed with the scope to enhance the rate of sales growth in the market of Indonesia The marketing managers can provide sufficient money for maintaining effective promotional activities Threats Competitors market strategy has become significant threat for the organization like PT. Feradime Group The other contemporary organizations prevailing in the IT tend to afford sufficient budget for business promotion (Hyde 2015). Therefore, customers tend to show their indifferent attitude in purchasing the products as well as service process of PT. Feradime Group. Table 2: SWOT Analysis of PT. Feradime Group (Source: Kim et al. 2012) Market analysis: Kim and Mauborgne (2014) opined that maintaining superior quality of products and service process should not be the sole purpose of a particular organization. The business experts for achieving business success have to focus on major significant aspects of market. Target market, market segmentation, brand positioning are the primary steps with the help of which customers can be segregated as per market. This particular part has provided an in-depth analysis on the overall impact of target market in business success. PT. Feradime Group market analysis helps the customers to get detailed overview about the reliability of products and services of this organization. Segmentation: Feradime Group has decided to conduct the market survey as per STP analysis. STP can be considered as one of the most fruitful market strategies with the help of which the organization can segregate the entire target group of people. The product designs and the diversification of services are highly dependent on target market (McCain 2014). Therefore, STP analysis is the major tools that enable the business experts for getting an in-depth overview regarding customers expectations and their demands towards products as well as services. In this specific part, detailed overview of STP analysis has been presented. PT. Feradime Group has decided to segregate the entire target market as per geographic, demographic and psychographic segmentation. Demographic At the same time, people from other locations of Indonesia are targeted for purchasing the products and services of PT. Feradime Group. This particular organization being software-developing company for mobile application has focused to target the young age group of people especially having average level of income (Morgan, Katsikeas and Vorhies 2012). People from the age group of 20 to 40 can afford the products and services of PT. Feradime Group. On the other hand, the production managers have decided to design the products in such a way that people from different cultural and religious backgrounds can show their interest for purchasing the products and services of this organization. Indonesia being an under developed country is possessed with the inhabitants who are having average level of income status (Piercy 2014). Young generation in average income status is the core target group for PT. Feradime Group. Geographic Geographic market segmentation enables the market executives to select the customers from the location of Batam in Indonesia. The marketing managers while setting the niche strategy and policy has focused on implementing low cost strategy regarding products and services. Therefore, in order to draw the attention of those particular customers, the marketing executives had to focus on implementing low cost strategy for targeting the people of Batam. On the other hand, the marketing executives have currently concentrated to expand their business different localities of Indonesia apart from Batam. Behavioral Feradime Group has transformed their industry from an engineering consultancy to Smartphone software developing company. PT. Feradime Group being a start-up business process likes to design those kinds of products that enable the customers from all behavioral backgrounds and attitudes to purchase the products and services of this organization. As a result the marketing managers are successful to enhance the number of target customers. Psychographic As per the psychographic market segmentation organizations have to maintain a business ethics, values, cultures and beliefs while dealing with the people from different cultural attitudes. PT. Feradime Group is the software developing company that builds applications for Smartphone users. Therefore, while developing the products the production managers have focused to draw the attention of customers belonging to different level of cultural attitudes and religious backgrounds. As a result, the marketing managers have enhanced the number of target customers. Target market Target market is one of the most effective business strategies and policies with the help of which business organization like PT. Feradime Group tends to sell their products and services by focusing on that particular group of people. In this specific study, the business organization has decided to focus on Batam as the target area (Ledenyov and Ledenyov 2012). After having switched over the industry from engineering consultancy to Smartphone software developing the marketing managers has changed their target group as well. Young group of people who like to use Smartphone are the primary target group of PT. Feradime Group. People from different age group who are accustomed with using Smartphone will be targeted. Along with Batam, the business experts have decided to expand their entire wings in various geographical corners beyond going the regional market of Batam. Effectiveness of target market The effectiveness of target market is endowed with a major significance. Target market evaluation is highly important before making business strategy and policy for a business organization like PT. Feradime Group. Based on the particular target group of people, the marketing managers tend to focus on promotion. The business scripts are prepared as per the target group (Malhotra Birks and Wills 2013). The marketing managers tend to focus on using media vehicles and other promotional tools as per the psychological and cultural background of target market. The software that PT. Feradime Group has developed for their target group has been designed in such a way that those customers cannot show their reluctance for using products and services of this specific organization. At the same time, the service procedure is also decided based on the expectation of target customers. Positioning: Ritala (2012) stated that brand position is one of the most remarkable factors, based on which the reliability of products and services can be reached to the customers. Along with providing good services, the business experts have to think on how the brand should be positioned to drag the customers attention. However, PT. Feradime Group while positioning their new products in the market has decided to use some of the popular tools of media (Ronda?Pupo and Guerras?Martin 2012). As a result, people from numerous locations get to know about the new initiatives of PT. Feradime Group. The marketing managers of PT. Feradime Group have decided to use both offline and online media for positioning their brand in market. Indonesia being a developing country is not advanced in technology. Therefore, the business managers have avoided using the tools of digital marketing for positioning the brand of PT. Feradime Group. The use of print media, banners, hoardings, signboards is used as an effective offline media vehicle. These specific tools are very much successful for drawing the attention of regional customers. On the other hand, electronic media such as radio and television has been chosen as one of the most effective mediums of brand position (Rothaermel 2015). Electronic media is successful enough to multiply the messages. As a result, people from different corners can receive the messages. Therefore, the brand position strategy of PT. Feradime Group would be primarily effective for target customers only when they would be able to receive a clear message and overview regarding the reliability and ingredients of products and services. Market mix strategy Market mix strategy is primarily applied for maintaining a systematic promotional activity. Market promotion is desperately needed to render proper reorganization of a particular brand (Scholes,et al. 2014). PT. Feradime Group was primarily famous in the industry of engineering consultant. After changing the business sector, the business experts had to face immense challenges in regaining the trust of people. However, in order to promote the new brand of PT. Feradime Group, the marketing managers have decided to implement four Ps of marketing mix strategy primarily. Product: Software for mobile application is the core product that PT. Feradime Group has launched after switching over their business sectors. After the emergence of Smartphone, the service users have become very much dependent on mobile applications. By using numerous mobile applications, the service users tend to communicate with the people of different multinational countries (Shih, Chen and Chen 2013). At the same time, the use of mobile application has reduced the burden of carrying laptops and personal computer. However, with the current scenario, the emergence of Smartphone users has become large in number. Therefore, after facing a disastrous consequence in the market of oil and gas sector, this particular product may render an innovation within the entire business process (Sui and Baum 2014). Therefore, the business experts have selected developing software for mobile application as the primary product based on which the Smartphone users would get necessary benefits and facilities. A t the same time, the service providers of PT. Feradime Group are flexible enough to give equal priority to the customers of different attitudes. Pricing: As already mention, Indonesia is out an out under developed country. People having average level of income status are the primary inhabitants of Indonesia. Selected number of multinational corporations is situated in the heart of Indonesia. Therefore, people over here get least opportunity to enhance their income level (Thompson et al. 2013). On the other hand, PT. Feradime Group has started their business IT sector. Therefore, any kind of brand value strategy may have a negative impact on the customers impression. However, the business experts have decided to implement low cost strategy in order to enhance the range of target customers. Wei, Samiee and Lee (2014) opined that the implementation of low cost strategy sometimes fail to draw the attention of premium customers. Premium customers tend to pay the attention for purchasing a particular product based on brand value. Therefore, low pricing cost has a negative impact on the mind of premium customers. However, in case of PT. Feradime Group, most of the target customers belong to average income status. In this kind of situation, brand value strategy would not be suitable for this particular organization. The marketing managers by maintaining a collective decision making process have decided to focus on following low pricing cost strategy for drawing customers attention. Place: Business organization should be established in such places where the customers can easily avail for purchasing products. Batam is one of the most recognizable places situated in Indonesia. Therefore, customers from different regional market would be able to avail the service facilities of PT. Feradime Group. At the same time, it is undeniable that this particular organization is possessed with one specific destination. The branches of PT. Feradime Group are not available at any place of Indonesia. Therefore, the products are only achievable for regional customers. People who belong to different geographical market fail to use the products and services of PT. Feradime Group. As per the opinion of Wilson and Post (2013), place is having a major significance for creating a brand identity and image. While promoting the concept of products and services in the mind of customers, the business organizations have to provide an in-depth overview about their destinations and establishment of business process. If the customers are impressed at the product concept, they intend to use products as well as services. Therefore, the company such as PT. Feradime Group should be situated in such areas where people do not have to struggle to find out the location. Promotion Promotion is one of the most important tools of marketing mix without which the products cannot be reached to customers doorstep. In order to promote the products in different boundaries of market, the business managers have to use some most effective promotional tools. Direct marketing, sales promotion, personal selling are the primary tools with the help of which the service providers can communicate with customers (Wu et al. 2013). The business managers of PT. Feradime Group have decided to use direct marketing tools as the best way of promoting business. This particular organization after introducing a new product in the current market needs to make a face-to-face communication with the customers for collecting a direct feedback. Direct marketing process is one of the most effective promotional tools with the help of which the service providers and the service users get the scope to communicate directly. As a result, the service providers can directly convince the customers on how their products are different from other contemporary brands. On the other hand, customers get the scope to provide their immediate feedback regarding business strategy and policy to the service providers. As a result, the entire communication between the sales executives and customers becomes clear and immediate. The impact of media vehicle in communicating with the customers is highly important. Media vehicle helps the business communicators to interact with the target customers by multiplying their business concept in various geographical areas. However, communication leaves a major impact in brand promotion. The impacts of communication and media vehicles are as follows: Acts as a bridge: Media vehicle acts as a bridge between the customer and the organization. Media is the promotional tool with the help of which customers can gain an in-depth overview regarding the products and service process of organization like PT. Feradime Group. Therefore, the business representatives in order to communicate with the target group uses media as the most effective vehicles. Conveys the message more quickly to the doorstep of customers: In order to convey the message of launching new products media acts as a major tools that makes the way of communication easier. Customers do not have to struggle for gaining knowledge regarding product and services. In addition, media communication renders the business representatives closer to the customers (Wu et al. 2013). PT. Feradime Group therefore decides to use both print and electronic media to reach both regional as well as outside market. At the same time, it is undeniable that the range of electronic media is higher than print media. Electronic media communication can easily convey the product messages to the customers minds and doors. Launch the product in global market: In order to place the product in global market media communication is the only way, based on which customers from various geographical boundaries can be aware of product as well as service facilities. In order to achieve the recognition of global market PT. Feradime Group should use the popularity of television for multiplying messages in various geographical markets. At the same time, after receiving appreciation from the customers of multinational countries, the brand gets the new stature of international product (Wei, Samiee and Lee 2014). PT. Feradime Group business experts are trying to reach their new brand in the international market. Recommendation: After evaluating the entire market strategy and policy of PT. Feradime Group, some of the major recommendations can be provided: While making the promotional strategy the marketing managers should fix a proper promotional budget. The business experts of Feradime Group have not concentrated in making a systematic promotional budget. Based on that budget the business managers could use the media vehicles The marketing managers of PT. Feradime Group have focused on four Ps of marketing mix strategy while preparing the project. In order to make the promotional plans and policies business organizations would focus on 7Ps of marketing mix strategies primarily. As a result, the business managers would be able to concentrate on people, process and physical evidence as well for evaluating the promotional strategy Feradime Group has primarily focused to make the market strategy based on Batam. The business organization does not concentrate to expand their business process in various geographical areas. As a result, the overall business process is very much restricted within particular geographic area. Conclusion: The entire study provides in-depth analysis regarding the market evaluation strategy of PT. Feradime Group. 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